项目来源

国家重点研发计划(NKRD)

项目主持人

徐宗学

项目受资助机构

北京师范大学

立项年度

2009

立项时间

未公开

项目编号

2009DFA22980

项目级别

国家级

研究期限

未知 / 未知

受资助金额

78.00万元

学科

地球科学领域

学科代码

未公开

基金类别

政府间国际科技创新合作专项

关键词

渭河 ; 生态基流 ; 水文模型 ; 径流 ; Wei River ; Environmental flow ; Hydrological model ; Streamflow

参与者

宋进喜;占车生;彭定志;庞博

参与机构

西北大学;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

项目标书摘要：长期以来，人们主要考虑水资源在农业、工业和生活等方面所产生的国民经济效益，而对于维护河流与流域健康的生态环境需水方面则缺少足够的重视。水资源不合理的开发利用加速了水体功能的衰减和退化，使水资源短缺、水体污染严重、生态环境脆弱，旱涝灾害频发等问题日益严峻，严重制约着我国经济社会可持续发展战略的实施。为缓解生态环境不断恶化的现状，维持河流的健康生命，河流生态基流问题逐渐引起水资源管理部门以及各级政府的高度重视，并成为当今水文水资源、生态、环境等领域的研究热点和难点之一，也是本研究需解决的重大关键科学问题。河流生态基流研究涉及到水文、气候、地质、水资源开发利用、生态环境保护以及社会经济发展等多学科的科学问题。目前，河流生态基流研究正处于起步阶段，其概念与内涵、确定原则、计算方法以及保障措施等仍没有达成共识。因此，深入开展生态基流研究不仅具有重要的科学价值，也为规范生态基流的评估方法作出贡献，并最终为水资源及水环境管理提供理论支撑。
         在研究实施过程中，利用外方在植物群落演替分析、水沙-水质耦合模拟技术以及生态基流量计算的敏感性和不确定性分析方面的先进技术，由中方进行水文分析和水量模拟，建立生态评估指标体系，共同建立集成的生态水文过程模拟模型，评估利益相关方在用水计划和生态基础流量方面的利益和冲突，确定生态系统保护目标，估算渭河流域生态保护目标所需生态基流，确定当地生态基础流量，进行不确定性和敏感性分析，以期为渭河流域水资源水环境综合管理提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Application Abstract: Around the world, there is increasing desire to conserve or restore the ecological health and functioning of rivers and their associated wetlands for human use and biodiversity. To achieve this, many methods have been developed for defining EFR, i.e. the flow regime required in a river to achieve desired ecological objectives. EFR is often seen as the vehicle through which the interests of the ecosystem, or the nature itself, are expressed. But it has also been increasingly recognized that an integrated river management has the task to ensure that each of the relevant environmental and economic functions is sustained in a balanced way. This renders the determination of an appropriate level of EFR a multi-disciplinary task that involves both natural and social science dimensions. However, existing EFR studies have been so far mainly conducted from the natural science perspective. In many countries, such as China, the social perspective is almost completely absent in the hitherto EFR studies.
         The overall objectives of the proposed project are to develop estimation methods for environmental flow requirement (EFR) appropriate to the characteristics of the Wei River in China, to put forward protection measures to safeguard environment flow, and to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for restoring healthy ecosystem of the river. The following are the specific goals to be achieved in line with these objectives: 1) Develop and provide solid scientific and appropriate estimation methods for EFR of the Wei River; 2) Establish an index system and determine the major ttributes of individual indicators for the assessment of ecosystem health of the river; 3) Quantify the social and economic impacts of different levels of environmental flow allocation on the economic sectors, in particular agriculture/irrigation, under various water allocation and management plans; 4) Determine the ecologically sound and practically realistic level of EFR for the Wei River, with involvement of stakeholder interests in the river basin; 5) Incorporate uncertainty and sensitivity analysis procedures in the determination of EFR and the relevant analysis. 6) Provide solid theoretical bases, state of the art techniques, and practically feasible protection measures for safeguarding the desired environmental flow in the river.

项目受资助省

北京市