北部冬麦区是我国重要的小麦产区之一。优质强筋小麦有较大的市场需求。随着生产条件的不断改善，对小麦品种产量、抗病性、抗倒伏性有更高的要求，同时，新品种要适应生产管理方式的变化，比如化学除草剂的广泛利用，要求品种对除草剂有一定的抗性。本研究围绕主要育种目标，创制新种质，培育优质高产抗病新品种。建立了快速批量制备和培育抗除草剂小麦新种质资源和抗除草剂小麦新品种的新技术。育成小麦新品种63个，其中，优质强筋品种津强11在品质性状上有较大提高，拉伸曲线参数的拉伸面积达到215平方厘米，最大拉伸阻力达到1017EU。节水高产品种京花12在北京市节水组区试和国家北部冬麦区区试中，分别比节水对照品种京冬8号和高产对照品种中麦175增产8.3%和6.6%。轮选266于2018年通过京、津、冀3省(市)品种审定，该品种的创新性主要体现在3个方面。一是产量水平有较大突破。该品种两年区域试验平均亩产557.2公斤，比对照中麦175增产5.2%;生产试验平均亩产561.5公斤，比对照中麦175增产7.5%。二是抗倒伏性强。轮选266区域试验和生产试验平均株高70.5厘米，比北部冬麦区主栽品种中麦175株高矮10厘米左右，抗倒伏性明显提高。三是综合抗病性好。中抗条锈病，中抗白粉病。轮选266的育成标志着北部冬麦区小麦品种株型和产量结构的重要变化，即株高进一步降低，抗倒伏性增强，穗粒数和千粒重都有所提高，为进一步提高产量打下了基础。Northern Winter Wheat Zone is one of the major wheat growing areas in China.Good quality wheat with strong and elastic strength of dough has a big market.Requirement of varieties for higher yield,better disease resistance and lodging tolerance has been increased as the condition of wheat production,such as input of fertilizer and irrigation system,has been continuously improved.At the same time the new varieties should adapt to the changed production management,such as the wide application of herbicide.This project focus on development of new germplasm and new varieties based on the main breeding objectives.The method to develop herbicide resistant germplasm and new varieties has been established.Sixty-three new varieties has been released.Jinqiang11,one of the new varieties with improved quality,has the extensibility area of 215 squire centimeter and max dough resistance of 1017EU in Extensiongraph test.Jinghua12,one of the new varieties,with both improved water use efficiency and high yield,has 8.3%and 6.6%higher yield respectively than the check varieties in Beijing Reduced Irrigation List Trial and National Irrigation List Trial.Lunxuan266,one of the new varieties developed by CAAS was released in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province in 2018.It has three major advantages over the other present varieties.First,also the most important,it has the significant improved yield potentials.It had average yield of 8.35 ton per hectare,5.2%higher than Zhongmai175,the check variety,in list trial,and 8.42 tons in demonstration trial,7.5%higher yield than Zhongmai175.Secondly,it has better lodging resistance than the check variety.Lunxuan266 is 10 centimeter shorter in plant height than the Zhongmai175.Thirdly,Lunxuan266 has better powdery mildew resistance than the Zhongmai175.The release of Lunxuan266 indicates the future trend in the development of wheat breeding for high yield in this area,i.e.further reduction in plant height,continuously improved lodging resistance,increase in both number of kernels per spike and thousand kernel weight.

小麦赤霉病是世界性的真菌病害，严重影响小麦的产量和品质。随着全球气候变暖和耕作栽培制度的改变，我国赤霉病发生开始北移,“重灾区”逐渐由长江中下游麦区扩展到北方冬麦区。目前，赤霉病已经成为威胁冬小麦生产的主要病害之一。加强培育抗赤霉病品种是解决该问题的重要途经之一。在前期研究中，已经证实导入不同供体的Fhb1抗病等位基因能够显著提高冬小麦品种的赤霉病抗性，但是关于Fhb1基因在不同遗传背景下对赤霉病抗性的影响，以及该基因是否对农艺性状有不利影响，有待研究。 本研究利用含有Fhb1抗病等位基因且高抗或中抗赤霉病的5个品种(系)与周麦16及其衍生品种(系)轮选136和轮选13回交构建10个BC2群体。利用田间病圃和人工单花滴注接种方法，对来自10个BC2F2群体和4个BC2F2:3群体进行赤霉病抗性鉴定，同时对10个BC2F1和BC2F2群体进行农艺性状考察，主要进展如下:(1)在轮选136和轮选13两个遗传背景下，含有纯合Fhb1抗病基因型(Fhb1-R)的单株赤霉病抗性显著优于含有纯合Fhb1感病基因型(Fhb1-S)的单株;(2)不同供体后代中，含有Fhb1-R单株平均病小穗数和严重度均低于其轮回亲本;(3)同一供体后代中，含有Fhb1-R单株在不同的遗传背景下抗性表现不同，且该基因具有较强的遗传背景效应;(4)生选6号为供体的回交后代抗性最好、最稳定;(5)该基因对农艺性状无明 Fusarium head blight(FHB)is a fungal disease of global importance in wheat(Triticum aestivum).It causes significant decrease in production and end-used quality.With the global warming and the changes of cropping systems,the occurrence of FHB in China has expanded from the Middle and Low Yangtze Winter Wheat Zone to Northern Winter Wheat Zone.As present,FHB has become one of the main diseases.The development of resistant cultivars is one of important approaches to solve this problem.We have previously confirmed that Fhb1 resistance alleles from different donors can significantly increase the FHB resistance;however,the effects of genetic backgrounds on Fhb1 and whether Fhb1 has negative influence on agronomic traits remain unclear. In this study,FHB resistance was evaluated to 10 BC2F2 populations in the field and single-floret inoculation assessments to 4 BC2F2:3 populations.Eight agronomic traits were investigated for the 10 BC2F1 and BC2F2 populations,respectively.The main results showed that:(1)In the plants carrying the homozygous Fhb1 resistance genotype(Fhb1-R)had higher FHB resistance than those with the homozygous Fhb1 susceptibility genotype(Fhb1-S)in both backgrounds;(2)The Fhb1-R plants from different donors had fewer infected spikelets and lower disease severity than their recurrent parents;(3)The Fhb1-R plants from the same donors had different resistance under different genetic backgrounds.The genetic backgrounds of Fhb1 impact the expression of FHB resistance;(4)The plants containing the Fhb1-R from Shengxuan 6 had the best FHB resistance;(5)The Fhb1 does not have significantly negative impact on the main agronomic characters. Results of this study provide important information in the improvement of the FHB resistance by introgressing Fhb1 resistance allele into winter wheat cultivars.