项目来源

国家重点研发计划(NKRD)

项目主持人

周阳

项目受资助机构

中国农业科学院作物科学研究所

立项年度

2017

立项时间

未公开

项目编号

2017YFD0101001

项目级别

国家级

研究期限

未知 / 未知

受资助金额

645.00万元

学科

七大农作物育种

学科代码

未公开

基金类别

“七大农作物育种”重点专项

关键词

冬小麦 ; Fhb1基因 ; 赤霉病抗性 ; 农艺性状 ; Winter wheat ; Fhb1 gene ; Fusarium head blight resistance ; Agronomic trait performances

参与者

张宏军；李洪杰；刘宏伟

参与机构

未公开

项目标书摘要：小麦赤霉病是世界性的真菌病害，严重影响小麦的产量和品质。随着全球气候变暖和耕作栽培制度的改变，我国赤霉病发生开始北移,“重灾区”逐渐由长江中下游麦区扩展到北方冬麦区。目前，赤霉病已经成为威胁冬小麦生产的主要病害之一。加强培育抗赤霉病品种是解决该问题的重要途经之一。在前期研究中，已经证实导入不同供体的Fhb1抗病等位基因能够显著提高冬小麦品种的赤霉病抗性，但是关于Fhb1基因在不同遗传背景下对赤霉病抗性的影响，以及该基因是否对农艺性状有不利影响，有待研究。
        本研究利用含有Fhb1抗病等位基因且高抗或中抗赤霉病的5个品种(系)与周麦16及其衍生品种(系)轮选136和轮选13回交构建10个BC2群体。利用田间病圃和人工单花滴注接种方法，对来自10个BC2F2群体和4个BC2F2:3群体进行赤霉病抗性鉴定，同时对10个BC2F1和BC2F2群体进行农艺性状考察，主要进展如下:(1)在轮选136和轮选13两个遗传背景下，含有纯合Fhb1抗病基因型(Fhb1-R)的单株赤霉病抗性显著优于含有纯合Fhb1感病基因型(Fhb1-S)的单株;(2)不同供体后代中，含有Fhb1-R单株平均病小穗数和严重度均低于其轮回亲本;(3)同一供体后代中，含有Fhb1-R单株在不同的遗传背景下抗性表现不同，且该基因具有较强的遗传背景效应;(4)生选6号为供体的回交后代抗性最好、最稳定;(5)该基因对农艺性状无明

Application Abstract: Fusarium head blight(FHB)is a fungal disease of global importance in wheat(Triticum aestivum).It causes significant decrease in production and end-used quality.With the global warming and the changes of cropping systems,the occurrence of FHB in China has expanded from the Middle and Low Yangtze Winter Wheat Zone to Northern Winter Wheat Zone.As present,FHB has become one of the main diseases.The development of resistant cultivars is one of important approaches to solve this problem.We have previously confirmed that Fhb1 resistance alleles from different donors can significantly increase the FHB resistance;however,the effects of genetic backgrounds on Fhb1 and whether Fhb1 has negative influence on agronomic traits remain unclear.
        In this study,FHB resistance was evaluated to 10 BC2F2 populations in the field and single-floret inoculation assessments to 4 BC2F2:3 populations.Eight agronomic traits were investigated for the 10 BC2F1 and BC2F2 populations,respectively.The main results showed that:(1)In the plants carrying the homozygous Fhb1 resistance genotype(Fhb1-R)had higher FHB resistance than those with the homozygous Fhb1 susceptibility genotype(Fhb1-S)in both backgrounds;(2)The Fhb1-R plants from different donors had fewer infected spikelets and lower disease severity than their recurrent parents;(3)The Fhb1-R plants from the same donors had different resistance under different genetic backgrounds.The genetic backgrounds of Fhb1 impact the expression of FHB resistance;(4)The plants containing the Fhb1-R from Shengxuan 6 had the best FHB resistance;(5)The Fhb1 does not have significantly negative impact on the main agronomic characters.
        Results of this study provide important information in the improvement of the FHB resistance by introgressing Fhb1 resistance allele into winter wheat cultivars.

项目受资助省

北京市