项目来源
国家重点研发计划(NKRD)
项目主持人
傅向东
项目受资助机构
中国科学院植物研究所
项目编号
2016YFD0100405
立项年度
2016
立项时间
未公开
研究期限
未知 / 未知
项目级别
国家级
受资助金额
1015.00万元
学科
七大农作物育种
学科代码
未公开
基金类别
“七大农作物育种”重点专项
关键词
作物 ; 光合作用 ; 同化物分配 ; OsPIL14 ; HPR1/2 ; IPS1/2 ; SAG116 ; Crop ; photosynthesis ; Assimilate distribution
参与者
林荣呈；马伯军；周海；郭房庆；郎志宏；刘翠敏；马亭亭
参与机构
浙江师范大学；华南农业大学；中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所；中国科学院分子植物卓越创新中心；中国农业科学院生物技术研究所；中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心
项目标书摘要：光合作用是作物产量形成的物质基础，提高作物光合效率是提高作物产量的重要途径。提高光合作用碳同化产物转运与分配效率也是增加作物产量的有效手段。为了探究如何提高作物光合效率以及分配效率，应用遗传学、组学与分子生物学，克隆了调控光合作用效率(OsPIL14、HPR1、HPR2 和IPS1)、同化产物分配(ES1、PGI和SAG116)等性状的关键基因及调控元件。主要研究结果如下:(1)过量表达HPR1和HPR2可以提高水稻光合效率和产量;(2)过表达OsPIL14促进盐胁迫时水稻中胚轴伸长、提高光合效率;(3)水稻IPS1蛋白与叶绿体发育调节因子GLK1、GLK2蛋白互作抑制GLKs对其靶基因的转录激活作用,IPS1敲除后能提高水稻光合能力、促进籽粒生物量积累。(4)玉米葡萄糖转运蛋白(SWEET1b)编码基因ES1是气孔开放的正调控因子，其基因表达受光合同化物的抑制，光合同化物可以通过ES1间接调控气孔开关。(5)超表达定位于细胞质的磷酸葡萄糖异构酶(PGIc)可以提高植物光合速率、促进淀粉的积累以及生物量。(6)水稻SAG116编码糖苷水解酶调控水稻灌浆效率，其突变体结实率下降，超表达能够提高灌浆效率并提高产量。获得4个SAG116表达水平较高的品系，其中两个品系小区产量分别增加5.9%和6.4%。
Application Abstract: Photosynthesis is the basis for crop yield.Improving crop photosynthetic efficiency is one of the important approaches to increase crop yield.Moreover,improving the efficiency of the transfer and distribution of photosynthetic carbon assimilation products is also an effective means to increase crop yields.In order to explore how to improve crop photosynthetic efficiency and allocation efficiency,genetics,omics and molecular biology were used to clone the key genes and regulatory elements that regulate photosynthesis efficiency(such as OsPIL14,HPR1,HPR2 and IPS1)and assimilation product distribution(such as ES1,PGI and SAG116).The main research results are summarized as follows:(1)Overexpression of HPR1 and HPR2 can increase the photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rice;(2)Overexpression of OsPIL14 promotes the elongation of rice mesocotyls and increases photosynthetic efficiency under salt stress;(3)Rice IPS1 interacts with chloroplast developmental regulators GLK1 and GLK2,and inhibits the transcriptional activation of GLKs on its target genes.Knockout of IPS1 increases the photosynthetic capacity of rice and promotes the accumulation of grain biomass.(4)The maize glucose transporter(SWEET1b)encoding gene ES1 is a positive regulator of stomata opening,and its gene expression is inhibited by photosynthetic carbon assimilation products,which can indirectly regulate stomatal opening through ES1.(5)Overexpression of phosphoglucose isomerase(PGIc)located in the cytoplasm increases the photosynthetic rate of plants,and promotes starch accumulation and biomass.(6)The glycoside hydrolase gene SAG116 regulate rice filling efficiency in rice,and its mutants have reduced seed setting rate.Overexpression of SAG116 increases filling efficiency and increase yield.Four lines with higher SAG116 expression levels were obtained,and the plot yield of two lines increased by 5.9%and 6.4%,respectively.
项目受资助省
北京市
