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全球科研项目数据库2026版

Medical Scientist Training Program

项目来源

美国卫生和人类服务部基金(HHS)

项目主持人

KEANE-MYERS, ANDREA

项目受资助机构

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH

项目编号

5T32GM008208-33

立项年度

2021

立项时间

未公开

项目级别

国家级

研究期限

未知 / 未知

受资助金额

1174197.00美元

学科

Health Disparities; Minority Health;

学科代码

未公开

基金类别

TRAINING, INSTITUTIONAL

关键词

未公开

参与者

STEINMAN, RICHARD A

参与机构

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES

项目标书摘要：Project Summary/Abstract The Pittsburgh MSTP brings together the synergetic research and clinical strengths of Carnegie Mellon University of the University of Pittsburgh. Trainees are selected from a national pool of over 400 applicants with superior academic records. Our program prepares trainees for careers as physician scientists through rigorous research training, a MSTP-specific curriculum comprised of 10 courses or rotations including tiered professional development courses, journal clubs, exposure to interdisciplinary research and ethical training, and events and activities designed to enhance program identify and exposure to role models. The opportunities to participate in top-tier research is broad, with 20 affiliated graduate programs and 118 participating faculty. The curriculum integrates PhD and MD training throughout the course of the program. A subset of students graduate in December and participate in a 5 month MSTP- supported postdoctoral fellowship prior to residency. A core feature of the program is proactive mentoring by Career Advisors individually matched with students at the outset of matriculation. Our IDP process is robust and focuses on development of new skills, identifying resources, framing goals and strategizing to overcome obstacles. Student performance is followed through a comprehensive web-based database with tiered access and yearly Promotions Committee review. Student involvement is integrated into the administrative structure with extensive logistical support and feedback from student committees. Programmatic oversight includes a student-faculty curriculum committee, a Steering committee a Strategic Planning Committee and an External Advisory Board. Average time to completion is 7.7 years. Training outcomes are very strong, with graduates averaging over 5 publications each, with matches to premier residencies and success in academic careers. Currently there are 71 students in the program. Funds are requested to support from 24-28 trainees annually for a period of five years beginning July 2017. Data are provided to support our belief that we have a proven history of attracting outstanding trainees and placing them in positions for future career development. �

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  • 2.Evaluation of Therapies for Peripheral and Neuraxial Opioid-induced Pruritus based on Molecular and Cellular Discoveries

    • 关键词：
    • MORPHINE-INDUCED PRURITUS; PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA;FENTANYL-INDUCED PRURITUS; INTRATHECAL MORPHINE; EPIDURAL MORPHINE;HISTAMINE-RELEASE; DOUBLE-BLIND; INDUCED ITCH; SPINAL-CORD;POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA

    Opioids are a mainstay of treatment for pain worldwide. Pruritus, a common side effect of opioids, is a patient dissatisfier that limits their use in many clinical settings. Both parenteral and neuraxial administration of opioids frequently evoke pruritus. The ability of opioids to suppress pain while causing itch continues to perplex clinicians and researchers alike. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how opioids can give rise to pruritus, but specific knowledge gaps perpetuate debate. This review summarizes the clinical burden of opioid-induced pruritus and emphasizes recent discoveries of peripheral and central mechanisms for opioid-induced pruritus, particularly with respect to scientific and conceptual advances in spinal cord circuitry and mast cell biology. The mechanisms and effectiveness of existing medications used for clinical management of pruritus will be evaluated, and we will highlight the emerging preclinical utility of selective kappa-opioid receptor agonists, such as nalfurafine, for the management of opioid-induced pruritus.

    ...

  • 4.Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate and Function

    • 关键词：
    • BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ACID OXIDATION; STEM-CELLS; HOMEOSTASIS; LACTATE;STATE; ROS

    Increasing evidence implicates metabolic pathways as key regulators of cell fate and function. Although the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids is essential to maintain overall energy homeostasis, the choice of a given metabolic pathway and the levels of particular substrates and intermediates increasingly appear to modulate specific cellular activities. This connection is likely related to the growing appreciation that molecules such as acetyl-CoA act as a shared currency between metabolic flux and chromatin modification. We review recent evidence for a role of metabolism in modulating cellular function in four distinct contexts. These areas include the immune system, the tumor microenvironment, the fibrotic response, and stem cell function. Together, these examples suggest that metabolic pathways do not simply provide the fuel that powers cellular activities but instead help to shape and determine cellular identity.

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