Purpose: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN) 2A/B status holds important prognostic value in diffuse gliomas. We aimed to construct prediction models using clinically available and reproducible characteristics for predicting IDHmutant and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion in adult-type diffuse glioma patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, two-center study analysed 272 patients with adult-type diffuse glioma (230 for primary cohort and 42 for external validation cohort). Two radiologists independently assessed the patients' images according to the Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI) feature set. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to optimise variable selection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the prediction models. Calibration plots, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to validate the models. Nomograms were developed visually based on the prediction models. Results: The interobserver agreement between the two radiologists for VASARI features was excellent (kappa range, 0.813-1). For the IDHmutant prediction model, the area under the curves (AUCs) was 0.88-0.96 in the internal and external validation sets, For the CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion model, the AUCs were 0.80-0.86 in the internal and external validation sets. The decision curves show that both prediction models had good net benefits. Conclusion: The prediction models which basing on VASARI and clinical features provided a reliable and clinically meaningful preoperative prediction for IDH and CDKN2A/B status in diffuse glioma patients. These findings provide a foundation for precise preoperative non-invasive diagnosis and personalised treatment approaches for adult-type diffuse glioma patients.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a significant contributor to cardiovascular events. Advanced AS is particularly concerning, as it leads to the formation of high-risk vulnerable plaques. Current treatments for AS focus on antithrombotic and lipid-lowering interventions, which are effective in treating early-stage AS. Recent studies have shown that macrophage polarization plays a crucial role in the development of AS. This study presents a new biomedical application of natural tannic acid as an anti-inflammatory nanoplatform for advanced AS. Tannic acid-poloxamer nanoparticles (TPNP) are fabricated through self-assembly of tannic acid (TA) and poloxamer. TPNP has the potential to provide effective treatment for advanced AS. According to in vitro studies, TPNP has been found to suppress the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), downregulating the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and regulating polarization of macrophages. In vivo studies further reveal that TPNP can retard the development of advanced atherosclerotic plaques by reducing ROS production and promoting M2 macrophage polarization in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice. Overall, these findings suggest that TPNP could be used to develop natural multifunctional nanoplatforms for molecular therapy of AS and other inflammation-related diseases.The comprehensive antiatherosclerosis effects of TPNP include reducing ROS production and regulating the phenotypic polarization of macrophages.

Atherosclerosis (AS), characterized by endothelial injury, progressive inflammation, and lipid deposition, can cause adverse cardiovascular events. However, effectively addressing all these pathological conditions simultaneously is challenging. To devise a comprehensive treatment strategy for AS, we developed a nanoparticle-based mild photothermal therapy (PTT) approach, which controlled the temperature within the range of 42–45 ℃, creating a unique 'hot spring' effect. The nanoparticles used in this therapy consist of a core made of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles loaded with indocyanine green (IR820), and an outer shell made of L-arginine (LA)-modified polydopamine (PDA), which is further modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) to target plaques. In vitro studies have demonstrated that mild PTT can open the TRPV1 channel in foam cells and regulate lipid metabolic diseases by maintaining a controlled temperature range of 42–45 ℃. Furthermore, the LA-PDA shell has anti-inflammatory properties, decreasing NLRP3 expression. Moreover, the eNOS/NO pathway was activated by LA, promoting the healing of injured endothelial cells (ECs). Additionally, the increased temperature enhances HSP90 expression, thereby helping to maintain eNOS. In vivo studies further confirmed that the HLPIZ-guided ‘hot spring’ effect has impressive anti-atherosclerotic capability by scavenging lipids, reducing inflammation, and repairing injured ECs simultaneously. In conclusion, our study confirmed that HLPIZ-guided mild PTT can exhibit a ‘hot spring’ effect, effectively regulating three key pathophysiological processes of AS, being a novel, potentially effective strategy for anti-AS therapy. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

The central nervous system (CNS) maintains homeostasis with its surrounding environment by restricting the ingress of large hydrophilic molecules, immune cells, pathogens, and other external harmful substances to the brain. This function relies heavily on the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (B-CSF) and blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although considerable research has examined the structure and function of the BBB, the B-CSF barrier has received little attention. Therapies for disorders associated with the central nervous system have the potential to benefit from targeting the B-CSF barrier to enhance medication penetration into the brain. In this study, we synthesized a nanoprobe ANG-PEG-UCNP capable of crossing the B-CSF barrier with high targeting specificity using a hydrocephalus model for noninvasive magnetic resonance ventriculography to understand the mechanism by which the CSF barrier may be crossed and identify therapeutic targets of CNS diseases. This magnetic resonance nanoprobe ANG-PEG-UCNP holds promising potential as a safe and effective means for accurately defining the ventricular anatomy and correctly locating sites of CSF obstruction. © 2024. The Author(s).

Blood flow and pressure calculated using the currently available methods have shown the potential to predict the progression of pathology, guide treatment strategies and help with postoperative recovery. However, the conspicuous disadvantage of these methods might be the time-consuming nature due to the simulation of virtual interventional treatment. The purpose of this study is to propose a fast novel physics-based model, called FAST, for the prediction of blood flow and pressure. More specifically, blood flow in a vessel is discretized into a number of micro-flow elements along the centerline of the artery, so that when using the equation of viscous fluid motion, the complex blood flow in the artery is simplified into a one-dimensional (1D) steady-state flow. We demonstrate that this method can compute the fractional flow reserve (FFR) derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). 345 patients with 402 lesions are used to evaluate the feasibility of the FAST simulation through a comparison with three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Invasive FFR is also introduced to validate the diagnostic performance of the FAST method as a reference standard. The performance of the FAST method is comparable with the 3D CFD method. Compared with invasive FFR, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FAST is 88.6%, 83.2% and 91.3%, respectively. The AUC of FFRFAST is 0.906. This demonstrates that the FAST algorithm and 3D CFD method show high consistency in predicting steady-state blood flow and pressure. Meanwhile, the FAST method also shows the potential in detecting lesion-specific ischemia. © 2023, The Author(s).

Objectives:To investigate the optimal measurement site of coronary-computed tomography angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) for the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the whole clinical routine practice. Materials and Methods:This retrospective multicenter study included 396 CAD patients who underwent coronary-computed tomography angiography, FFRCT, and invasive FFR. FFRCT was measured at 1 cm (FFRCT-1 cm), 2 cm (FFRCT-2 cm), 3 cm (FFRCT-3 cm), and 4 cm (FFRCT-4 cm) distal to coronary stenosis, respectively. FFRCT and invasive FFR <= 0.80 were defined as lesion-specific ischemia. The diagnostic performance of FFRCT to detect ischemia was obtained using invasive FFR as the reference standard. Reduced invasive coronary angiography rate and revascularization efficiency were calculated. After a median follow-up of 35 months in 267 patients for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), Cox hazard proportional models were performed with FFRCT values at each measurement site. Results:For discriminating lesion-specific ischemia, the areas under the curve of FFRCT-1 cm (0.91) as well as FFRCT-2 cm (0.91) were higher than those of FFRCT-3 cm (0.89) and FFRCT-4 cm (0.88), respectively (all P<0.05). The higher reduced invasive coronary angiography rate (81.6%) was found at FFRCT-1 cm than FFRCT-2 cm (81.6% vs. 62.6%, P<0.05). Revascularization efficiency did not differ between FFRCT-1 cm and FFRCT-2 cm (80.8% vs. 65.5%, P=0.019). In 12.4% (33/267) MACE occurred and only values of FFRCT-2 cm were independently predictive of MACE (hazard ratio: 0.957 [95% CI: 0.925-0.989]; P=0.010). Conclusions:This study indicates FFRCT-2 cm is the optimal measurement site with superior diagnostic performance and independent prognostic role.

目的对比分析OMAR迭代去伪影技术与双能量线性融合去伪影技术在椎体金属植入物及口腔内金属异物CT成像中去除金属伪影时两种技术的优缺点。方法选取腰椎植入物术后患者25例,胸椎植入物术后15例。分别行两次CT螺旋扫描并进行三维重建,首次采用常规扫描薄层重建使用OMAR重建,常规图像同样薄层重建。患者复查时第二次采用双能量扫描并薄层重建使用线性融合去伪影重建。将两次扫描所得常规薄层编为A组,OMAR迭代重建薄层图像编为B组,双能量线性融合去伪影薄层图像编为C组,图像层厚均为1 mm,层距1 mm。测量金属螺钉前后的SD值,计算SNR值,记录数据并使用统计学软件进行统计学分析。将三组图像使用MPR、MIP、VR进行后处理重建,邀请两位放射科主治医师对所得图像及薄层图像使用5分法进行双盲法打分。记录所得分数并使用统计学软件进行统计分析。结果图像得分B组＞C组＞A组常规组图像（P＜0.05）,SNR值B组＞C组＞A组（P＜0.05）。SD值A组＞C组＞B组（P＜0.05）。结论使用OMAR迭代重建去伪影技术不仅可以去除伪影获得高质量图像,而且比双能量线性融合去伪影技术图像质量更高。

Pyroptosis, characterized by inflammasome activation, membrane Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-pore formulation, and the rapid release of inflammatory cytokines, can induce plaque instability and atherosclerosis progression. Nevertheless, insights into the precise antiatherosclerosis therapies targeting pyroptosis remain limited. Here, a novel biomedical application of natural polyphenol melanin as a theranostic antipyroptosis defense nanoplatform for atherosclerosis is reported. Ultrasmall melanin nanoparticles are easily fabricated and functionalized with cyclo-Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Tyr-Lys conjugated polyethylene glycol to yield cRGD-PEG-MNPs (RpMPs) to target plaque neovascularization, which is confirmed by fluorescence imaging. Importantly, RpMPs act like cell patches to suppress pyroptosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by scavenging reactive oxygen species, downregulating the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, Caspase 1, and GSDMD) and reducing the leakage of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α). In vivo studies further reveal that RpMPs can ameliorate the development and improve the stability of atherosclerotic plaques via attenuating NLRP3-stimulated pyroptosis and inducing an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the aorta of ApoE−/− mice. Moreover, chelator-free Gd3+-RpMPs exhibit persistent T1-weighted contrast-enhanced efficiency and plaque resident on a 9.4 T Micro magnetic resonance scanner in murine atherosclerosis model. Overall, this study suggests the potential for using melanin to develop natural multifunctional nanoplatforms for molecular theranostic in atherosclerosis and other pyroptosis-related diseases. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.