项目来源

国家重点研发计划(NKRD)

项目主持人

王冰

项目受资助机构

合肥通用机械研究院

项目编号

2012YQ220233

立项年度

2012

立项时间

未公开

项目级别

国家级

研究期限

未知 / 未知

受资助金额

4571.00万元

学科

物理性能测试仪器

学科代码

未公开

基金类别

“重大科学仪器设备开发”重点专项

关键词

超高温 ; 蠕变疲劳 ; 气氛环境 ; 全数字式 ; 变形测量 ; ultrahigh temperature ; creep fatigue ; atmospheres ; Full Digital ; deformation measurement

参与者

陈学东；庄庆伟；王戈；范志超

参与机构

长春机械科学研究院有限公司

项目标书摘要：面向石油化工、煤化工、航空航天、电力、核能等国家重要领域，围绕承压设备所处的高温、腐蚀等极端环境，开展了多种气氛环境高温蠕变疲劳性能测试仪的研发，攻克了稳定可靠的加热元件选择、超高温夹持结构设计、超高温变形测量、自定义加载路径控制、拉压疲劳机械间隙消除、电子信号动态实时校准等关键技术，首次研制出了四台套由结构独特的机电伺服加载机构、超高温与多种气氛环境装置(氢气、氩气、水蒸气、真空)组成的蠕变疲劳性能测试仪，填补了国内空白，达到了发达国家同期水平，提升了我国极端环境承压设备的设计与制造能力，同时为相关理论模型的试验验证、极端服役环境(高温、超高温、复杂气氛环境)下失效机理的研究、材料性能数据库的建立乃至新材料的开发提供了不可或缺的工具。测试仪研发过程中形成的关键技术如下:1)针对现有试样夹具难以满足超高温要求，研发了具有特殊结构与循环水冷的超高温夹具，满足了1500℃下的夹持要求。2)针对现有引伸计无法满足高温环境下变形测量的问题，在消化吸收美国EPSILON公司的高温引伸计的基础上，攻克了引伸计弹性体热处理工艺改进、温度补偿技术、高性能应变片应用、冷却结构及方式等关键技术，在大量试验测试的基础上研发出了高温引伸计，并开发出了相应的变形测量方法，解决了1500℃下的变形测量。3)围绕实际工况中复杂应力的加载需求，攻克了测试仪机械传动部分及电气驱动部分的灵敏可靠性、上位机与控制器之间数据的稳定可靠传输等技术难题，最终形成了可自由设定不同加载路径的动静态组合试验系统。4)针对拉—压过零疲劳试验的间隙消除问题，开发了由交流伺服电机、零间隙滚珠减速器、多楔带传动和滚珠丝杠构成的机电伺服加载机构，并对各部件见的连接方式及结构进行了有效的改进，解决了传动间隙引起的拉压过零停滞问题。5)针对长时实验中环境温度变化导致电子元器件与信号调理电路的温漂、时漂、零漂问题，研发出了一套嵌入式全数字式控制系统(含控制器及相应软件),实现了标准化、精确化、小型化，保证了系统的通用性、可靠性和稳定性，可定时自动校准力、变形、位移测量系统，保证了测量系统具有较强的抗干扰能力和长期稳定性。6)针对承压设备实际使用中复杂氛围的模拟问题，研发了过热水蒸气环境试验装置、超高温大气气氛环境试验装置、真空(充气)气氛环境试验装置与氢气气氛环境试验装置，实现了多种复杂环境氛围的加载。

Application Abstract: A series of creep and fatigue testing apparatus has been researched and developed for enhancing the safety of pressure equipment used in national important areas such as petrochemical,coal chemical,aerospace,electric power,nuclear power industry.Four testing apparatuses have been developed for the first time,which can be used in ultra high temperature and various environments.The research works not only promote the design and manufacturing ability of pressure equipment at extreme environment,but also provide an indispensable tool for experimental verification of corresponding theoretical model,research of failure mechanism in extreme environment,establishing database of material performance and even developing new materials.The key techniques are as follows.1)The jig with special structure and water cooler is developed for holding specimen at ultra high temperature(1500℃),and existing jig can’t meet the requirement of such high temperature.2)The extensometer which can be used at high temperature(1500℃)is developed.The techniques of extensometer produced by EPSILON is analyzed and absorbed firstly.Then,the technologies of heat treatment,temperature compensation and cooling configuration are improved,and the high-performance strain gauge is adopted too.At last,lots of experiment and testing are carried out for getting perfect performance index of the extensometer.3)A load system which can load the specimen in various waves is developed to simulate actual load circumstance by ensuring the availability of the mechanical and electric drive parts,and the connection between upper computer and controller.4)An electromechanical servo load mechanism is developed which eliminates the clearance and stagnation existing in tensile and compressed fatigue testing successfully.5)A set of embedded system is developed to ensure the versatility,reliability and stability of the testing apparatus.The force,deformation and displacement can be calibrated periodically and automatically with the system to insure the strong anti-interference ability and long-term stability of the testing apparatus.6)A series of environment chamber included overheating vapor chamber,ultra-high temperature atmosphere chamber,vacuum(inflatable)chamber and hydrogen chamber is researched and developed,which can simulate the complicated ambient experienced in service use of pressure equipment.

项目受资助省

安徽省