Based on seismic damage survey data from 155 earth-rock dams in typical earthquakes worldwide, we analyzed the earthquake subsidence pattern of earth-rock dams and investigated key influencing factors using grey relational analysis. The results show that the upper envelope of earthquake subsidence rate increases with the increase of peak ground acceleration and earthquake magnitude, and decreases with the increase of epicenter distance. The subsidence rate is higher in the near-field range, and becomes minimal at an epicenter distance of 100–150 km. The maximum upper envelope value of earthquake subsidence rate is observed in filled earth dams, followed by core rockfill dams and face rockfill dams. The earlier the construction time, the higher the upper envelope value of earthquake subsidence rate, which reflects the differences in dam filling quality due to varying construction equipment and methods. The effects of peak acceleration, magnitude, dam type, construction year and epicenter distance on the subsidence rate decrease successively, with no single factor being absolute dominant. The prediction and control of seismic residual deformation of earth-rock dam are discussed according to the earthquake subsidence patterns and the analysis results of key influencing factors, in conjunction with the seismic code of hydraulic engineering. Control standards and design principles for seismic safety deformation of earth-rock dam are provided. © 2024 Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica. All rights reserved.

筑坝砂砾料填筑标准具有级配相关性,在砂砾料筑坝施工质量控制中,目前仅以含砾量来表征级配对碾压干密度的影响,未考虑级配形状和最大粒径不同对砂砾料填筑标准的影响。为了研究这种影响,评估目前单一依靠含砾量来表征级配特征对干密度影响的合理性,设计了含砾量相同而级配曲线形状和最大粒径不同的两组级配曲线,结合实际施工振动碾压条件,通过现场密度桶法,研究了含砾量相同时不同级配形状特征和最大粒径对原级配筑坝砂砾料填筑标准的影响。研究表明,控制含砾量相同时,级配曲线形状对砂砾料最大、最大小干密度有一定影响,随级配参数m和b的增大,砂砾料的最大、最小干密度均呈现减小的趋势。在含砾量和级配参数m相同时,不同最大粒径级配的砂砾料的最大、最小干密度也有差异。表明不同级配特征和最大粒径对筑坝砂砾料填筑标准的确定有一定影响,建议结合具体工程进一步对级配特征和最大粒径对筑坝填筑标准影响的敏感性及对施工质量控制带来的影响进行评估。

深厚覆盖层土体具有显著的原位结构效应，如何考虑原位结构效应确定其本构模型参数，关系安全评价结果的可靠性。对覆盖层深部粉质黏土开展了原位旁压测试，测得了其荷载–位移曲线，确定了相应深度处初始压力、承载力特征值和旁压模量等力学指标特征值。联合原位旁压试验和室内三轴试验结果，采用基于和声算法的PBP3反分析程序，确定了覆盖层深部粉质黏土的本构模型参数。分别采用反分析参数和室内试验参数模拟了旁压试验过程，与实测荷载位移曲线进行了对比，论证了反分析参数的合理性。

阿克肖水库工程属典型的“三高一深”水利工程,勘察难点主要有坝址区分布大型古河槽、筑坝材料含有钙质弱胶结体、库坝区分布厚层粉土、坝址河床狭窄且水流湍急等诸多问题。针对不同的勘探难点采用相应的勘探方法,通过几种勘探方法进行

Material grading design, dam zoning and filling design criterion are the basis for dam material design and evaluation in gravel dam projects, which currently rely heavily on engineering experience. In this paper, the typical gradation envelope range of actual engineering dam sand and gravel materials are first analyzed based on the statistics on gravel grading envelope and field dry density from typical engineering dams. Then, the distribution intervals of key gradation characteristic parameters are given, and the influence of gravel gradation characteristics on compaction properties is studied. The results show that: i) The maximum particle size of typical dam-building sand-gravel grading is 400-600 mm; the gravel content of the common grading envelope is 70%-88%; the curvature coefficient is 1-10; the non-uniformity coefficient is more than 5; and the parameters b and m in the gradation equation range from 0 to 0.9 and 0.2 to 1.0, respectively. ii) The gradation of sand-gravel material that can obtain higher filling dry density should satisfy: the gravel content is 70%-85%; the curvature coefficient is 1-10; the inhomogeneity coefficient is greater than 5; and the b-value and m-value of the gradation equation parameters are 0.7-0.9 and 0.6-0.9, respectively. iii) Gravel content, curvature coefficient, inhomogeneity coefficient and maximum particle size all have significant influences on the dry density, and the degree of effect decreases in order. © 2022, Editorial Office of Rock and Soil Mechanics. All right reserved.

砂砾石坝坝料级配设计、坝体分区和填筑标准的设计均依赖于工程经验，为砂砾石坝坝料设计和填筑标准设计及评估提供工程类比基础。基于典型工程筑坝砂砾料级配包线和填筑标准现场试验干密度统计，分析实际工程筑坝砂砾料典型级配包线范围，给出关键级配特征参数的分布区间，并研究砂砾料级配特征对压实特性的影响。结果表明：（1）典型筑坝砂砾料级配最大粒径为400～600mm，常见级配包线含砾量为70%～88%，曲率系数为1～10，不均匀系数多大于5，级配方程参数b和m范围分别为0～0.9和0.2～1.0;（2）能获得较高填筑干密度的砂砾料级配含砾量为70%～85%，曲率系数为1～10，不均匀系数大于5，级配方程参数b值和m值分别为0.7～0.9和0.6～0.9;（3）含砾量、曲率系数、不均匀系数和最大粒径对干密度均有显著影响，影响程度依次减小。

相对密度是砂砾料填筑体设计的关键指标。文章基于已有试验资料考察了相对密度(干密度)对砂砾料强度、变形、渗透、动强度和动力变形等工程力学特性的影响。分析表明:随着相对密度增大,砂砾料的强度、变形、动强度和动力变形等参数均相

为评估相关土工试验规范在风干状态确定土石坝砂砾料填筑标准的合理性，研究含水率对土石坝砂砾料填筑标准控制和压实特性的影响，本文基于现场密度桶法原级配砂砾料大型相对密度试验，结合现场碾压试验，并在总结相关研究成果基础上，研究了含水率对土石坝砂砾料填筑标准控制和压实特性的影响，论证了在风干状态确定土石坝砂砾料填筑标准的合理性和相关规范推荐的砂砾料碾压加水量的合理性，提出了确定砂砾料筑坝加水与否的原则，即结合上坝砂砾料的天然含水状态、砂砾料的颗粒级配、砂砾石坝坝型和填筑标准等几个方面综合考虑，并通过现场碾压试验来确定是否加水以及加水量。研究成果可为土石坝砂砾料填筑标准控制和碾压施工加水量确定提供指导和参考。

文章以四川省红鱼洞水利枢纽两种筑坝堆石料为研究对象,进行现场碾压试验和大型相对密度试验,研究碾压遍数以及是否洒水对碾压效果的影响,确定筑坝堆石料的最大、最小干密度,再结合现场碾压试验,确定碾压试验结果对应的相对密度值。