Id···if···g ···de···el···d ···t ···ng···of···s ···ua··· i···gh···in···th···ol···f ···de···n ···or···nt···. ···is···ti···at···th···mo···di···cu···ga···ta··· (···ta··· c···si··· m···re···l ···de···pe···ic···fe··· o···ai···ar···te··· T···pr···nt···ud···im···to···pl··· t···ga···ad···at···s ···ma···an···em··· p···ic···nt···he···te···ng···er···st···es··· 0···, ···cm···9 ··· a···26··· i···ei···. ···ot···of··· m··· a···12···ma···pa···ci···ts···re···cr···ed···he···co···ot··· c···ur···ys··· a···AM···fo··· p···es···re···il···d ···ob···n ··· g··· p···me···s.···re···r,···at···em···al···ra···er···er···nv···ig···d.···o-··· r···at···AN··· (···de··· o···ac···he···t)···d ···ee···y ···ea··· A···A ···nd···* ···ta··· h···ht···le···we···pe···rm···to···mp··· g··· p···me···s,···sp···iv···. ···re···io···be···en···xi··· j···t ···le···d ···ta··· h···ht···re···so···al···ed···ig···ic··· i···ra···on···er···bs···ed···r ···di···le···wi···ti··· m···mu···ip···te···on···gl···ma···um···ee···ex··· a···e,···d ···im···an··· p···ta···ex··· a···e ···nd···* ···ta··· h···ht···Th··· w··· s··· d···er···es··· g··· p···me···s ···we···ma··· a···fe···es··· t···un···tr···ed···it···nd···es···ha···s ···am···or···vi···t ···ob···cl···ei··· i···ea···. ···s ···dy···so···en···ie···ig···ic··· d···er···es··· g··· p···me···s ···we···le···ng···d ···il··· l··· w··· s···pi···ov···th···bs···le·

Cu···m-···e ···ol···ar···es···ed··· r···st···ut···oo···oa···nd···ev··· p···nt··· p···. ···mo···et···s ···in···ti···e ··· e···ct···ne···of···so··· i···ud···in··· e···en···et··· a···ex···im···al···pr···h.···we···, ···t ···it···le···t ···ea··· h···fo···ed··· t···tw···im···io··· p···ta···as··· s···ss···du···g ···ti···ta···ng···th···so···, ···he···ha···ho···of···re···im···io··· p···ta···as···. ···th···or···th···ff···s ···in···e ···h ···ig···ar···te···(m···ta···l ···, ··· p··· a···ar···su···rt···n ···am···pl···ar···es···es···il···ee···ur···r ···lo···io···Th···fo··· t··· s···y ···ed··· q···ti···th···mp··· o···us···-m··· i···le···n ···t ···me···ni···by···mb···ng···th···th···. ···it···le···t ···ho···as···pl···d ···ev···at···tr··· o···he···an··· f···ia···d ···y ···uc···es···en···at···st···in···bo···ba···oo···nd···th···cu···m-···e ···ol···Fu···er···e,··· p···ic···nt···er···ec···te···o ···es···at···yn···c ···nt···pr···ur···du···g ···ki···ba···oo···nd···th···so··· T···re···iv···im···f ···r ···ph···s ···in···ta··· p···e,···ta···on···t ···e,···ak···an··· p···su···(P··· P···an···re···re···me···te···l ···I)···re···se···d.···ni···el···nt···su··· r···al···re···ed···an··· f···ia···re···s ··· m··· u···or···tr··· d···ri···io···ve···et···rs··· a···ph···ng···wh···st···in···it···ns···. ···it···al··· P··· P···d ··· v···es··· t···se···d ··· t···d ···at···al···er···ig···ic···ly···we···he···al···g ···h ···ol···Wi···th···re···ce··· i···le···ea··· a···PT···al··· i···ed··· r···on···er···ig···ic···ly···du···, ···ep···or···e ···fo···re···n.··· c···lu···n,···st···ma···in···e ···h ··· a···ti···of···me···ar··· p··· t···pa···an···rc···up···t ··· e···ct···ly···st···ut···oo···is··· s···ss···en··· a···vi··· p···ta···re···re···nd···us···ev··· p···. ···Me··· 2···.

目的···口老···程的···剧,···性疾···恰当···式以···节病···因造···软骨···变的···在不···。介···骨结···杂性···软骨···少神···管,···临床···骨软···尚未···的治···

恶性···癌症···前难···的疾···性肿···限增···强的···性是···的主···,严···害着···命健···环肿···（C···）是···年来···用的···几个···瘤分···物之···用于···测,···预后···但是···体分···的临···因为···胞的···表达···性和···而受···。近···着纳···技术···以及···程学···步完···多纳···的研···逐步···生物···环境···多个···已有···明特···比的···构生···底表···究细···并设···的设···制细···的有···工具···和纳···基底···相互···以模···的生···的微···而微···的力···的改···胞的···为之···着一···。因···必要···解纳···的结···纳米···胞生···中的···系,···利用···的特···论文···离子···术制···种不···的纳···阵列···eL···为例···了不···特性···米阵···癌细···能力···,实···限元···据显···究中···两种···森林···对细···不同···性的···应,···生不···刺激···评价···与癌···间的···用对···活性···胞行···响,···明硅···林阵···了H···细胞···态和···为,···基底···CW···比普···增大···3倍···捕获···并且···20···%细···效率···通过···白V···ul···表达···基底···间的···合作···果表···W基···nc···n的···量是···的1···2倍···本研···Vi···li···表达···W基···细胞···力并···细胞···为的···因。···述,···构可···分离···s的···的方···与表···物的···CT···大小···本文···的一···纳米···貌的···阵列···强与···间的···用,···不另···捕获···情况···细胞···率,···以提···的生···性,···获细···性,···捕获···后续···征。···究采···了一···的纳···,为···改善···获效···有用···,这···米基···床应···症治···了一···。

Du···o ··· l···te···el···ea···g ···li···of···rt···ge···ar···ag···ef··· r···ir···ma··· a···al···ge··· c···ic···tr···me··· T···ef···, ···re··· a···ed··· p···id···at···ts···th···pr···si···ca···la···de···t ···ai···tr···gy···n ···s ···dy···e ···e ···or··· a···ca···n-···de···VA···se···io···pa···le···dr···l ···ff··· f···ca···la···de···t ···ai···Th···TG···ca···n ···ro··· w···pr···re···y ···im··· p···ic···cr···-l···in···et··· a···co···st···of···ly···yl···co··· (···),···nn···ac···(T··· g···ti···Ge··· h···ur···c ···d ···) ··· i···ii···In···re···y ··· n···ra···ar···ag···at··· c···os···on···th···el···d ···we···us···to···pr··· t···bi···ti···y ··· b···om···ib···ty··· h···og··· F···he···re···ca···n ··· i···od···d ···fu···er···ha··· t···hy···ge··· a···it···or···rt···ge···ge···at···. ··· r···lt···ho··· t··· P···+i···ii···yd···el···hi···ed···ro···mi···st···tu··· a···to··· m···an···l ···pe···es···n ···ro···ll···pe···en···co···rm···PT···Ic···in···dr···ls···ul···ro···e ···nd···yt···pr···fe···io···ch···ro···es···re···ng···d ···nd···yt···mi···ti··· M···wh···, ··· P···+I···ii···yd···el···mo···ra··· t···ab···ty··· p···ot···he···rt···ge···ge···at··· i··· r···ca···la···de···t ···el···n ···ti···ar···he···pl···at··· o···TG···ca···n ···ro··· c···d ···il···te···e ···to···io···f ···or···nc···n ···ra··· T··· s···y ···l ···vi···a ···en···l ···ro··· f···th···re···en···f ···ti···e ···ec··· ©···24···e ···ho··

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) direct-writing has recently gained attention as a highly promising additive manufacturing strategy for fabricating intricate micro/nanoscale architectures. This technique is particularly well-suited for mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) present in biological tissue, which serves a vital function in facilitating cell colonization, migration, and growth. The integration of EHD direct-writing with other techniques has been employed to enhance the biological performance of scaffolds, and significant advancements have been made in the development of tailored scaffold architectures and constituents to meet the specific requirements of various biomedical applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of EHD direct-writing is provided, including its underlying principles, demonstrated materials systems, and biomedical applications. A brief chronology of EHD direct-writing is provided, along with an examination of the observed phenomena that occur during the printing process. The impact of biomaterial selection and architectural topographic cues on biological performance is also highlighted. Finally, the major limitations associated with EHD direct-writing are discussed.EHD direct-writing has notable advantages for the controlled fabrication of micro/nanoscale architectures and particularly suitable for mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) present in biological tissue. Herein, a comprehensive overview of EHD direct-writing, including its evolution, principles, materials, and biomedical applications, is summarized. Meanwhile, the most relevant and recent advances related to biomedical applications impacted by biomaterial selection and architectural topographic cues are highlighted. Finally, perspectives on the challenges of EHD direct-writing and its prospects for future development are discussed. image

Po···vi··· a···ho···(P··· h···og··· e···bi···re···po···ti···as···ea···io···er···s ··· t···ue···gi···ri··· o···g ···th··· n···to···it···hi···wa··· c···en···an···tr··· b···om···ib···ty···ow···r,···mi··· m···an···l ···en··· a···lo···io···iv··· h··· c···tr···ed···ei···pp···at··· i···on···is··· e···ne···ng···n ···s ···dy···e ···e ···el···d ···ou···PV···as···hy···ge···si···a ···il···hy···al···os···nk··· m···od···om···si···of···A,···nn···ac···(T··· a···hy···xy···ti···(H··· S···em···c ···er···nt···er···on···te···o ···mi···th···hy···oc···ic···pr···rt··· o···VA···/T···yd···el···in···di···th··· c···os···on···mi···st···tu···, ··· m···an···l ··· r···lo···al···op···ie···Th···es···s ···on···at···th···th···VA···/T···yd···el···os···se···he···ro···mi···st···tu··· a···ex···le···me···ni··· p···er···s.···rt···mo··· c···ag···ty···I ···l-···wa···se···o ···th···im···ve···e ···co···ti···it···nd···oa···vi···of···A/···TA···dr···ls···n ···ro···pe···en···re···le···ha···VA···/T···OL···dr···l ···ld···fe··· s···ab···mi···en···on···t ··· t···gr···h ···MC···-E···el···an···ro···e ···ir···te···ni···if···en···ti··· M···wh···, ··· P···HA···/C···hy···ge···em···tr···d ··· a···it···o ···mo···bo···re···er···on···d ···eo···eg···io···n ···at···mo··· d···ct···de···Th···st··· p···id···a ···en···l ···at··· f···th···se··· P···ba··· h···og··· i···on···is··· e···ne···ng·

In···is···ud···no··· s··· f···oi···g ···er···we···sy···es···d ···in···tu···ow···of··· n···pa···cl···(N··· o···il···ib···n ···) ···er···an···he···mi···st···tu··· i···it···bi···mp···bi···y,···d ···ib···er··· p···er···we···ev···at··· S···ob···va···n ···we···ha···F@···sp···es···d ···ph···ca···or···lo···wi···a ···me··· o···–1···m.···M ···er···io···ev···ed···at···ch···@A···ph··· h···a ···se···ru···re···d ··· s···ac···as···po···ed···th··· N···wi···a ···me··· o···0–···nm···n ···ro···oc···at···li···ev···at··· i···ca··· t··· S···g ···er···we···no···yt···xi···he···nc···te···it···st···la···MC···-E···el··· M···ov··· w··· e···se···o ··· r···es···at··· t···s ···gr···ne···iv···sc···ic··· c··· a···gr···po···iv···ta···lo···cu···ur···, ···Ag···he··· s···ed···go···an···ac···ia···ro···ty···ai··· t···gr···h ···bo···ty··· o···ac···ia··· 2··· E···vi···B.··

La···al···dg···ns··· (···) ···a ···qu···ly···co···nd···tr···me···op···n ··· e···y ··· m···er···ta··· o···ed··· k··· o···oa···ri···. ···ev··· s···ie···f ··· e···ct···n ··· l···r ···b ···nt···re···co···et···nd···pe···ct···he···in···rp··· o···hi···tu···wa···o ···nt···ti···y ···ly···th···es···se··· i···rv···io···f ··· o···ow···li···jo··· k···ma···s,···ou···re···io···or··· (···s)···nd···nt···of···es···e ···P)···ai···na···is··· 1···ea···y ···je··· w···co···ct··· T···e-···en···na···ot··· d··· a···fo··· p···e ···su···en···we···co···ct···in···e ···tr···(b···fo··· a···ex···im···al···nd···on···we···ng···pa···of···si···d ···es···th··· 7···nd···mm···Is···Re···ts···ow···th···th···ea···ne···le···n ···le···s ···re···d ···3.···, ···9°···nd···27···it···, ···an···0m···WI···re···ct···ly···<0···).···e ···le···ak···rs···ex··· a···e ··· s···if···nt···de···as···by···79···2.···, ··· 1···° ···h ···7,···d ···m ···s,···sp···iv··· (···.0··· T···in···na···ot···on···gl···as···cr···ed··· 2···°,···76···an···.5···wi···0,··· a···10···LW··· r···ec···el···p<···1)···he···re···t ···h ···s ···we···ig··· s···if···nt···sm···er···ve···on···ve···on···nd···du···on···gl···(a···p<···1)···he···t ···k ···th···er···al···F ···0.···) ···o ···re···d ···ni···an··· b··· m···mu···f ···6 ···y ···gh···BW···it···WI···Th··· r···lt···nd···te···ha···io···ha···al···an··· a···li···at···s ···la···al···dg···in···e ···ul···e ···ly··· i···or···et···, ···si··· l···in···o ··· g···el···s ··· t···de···n ··· a···ic···on··· 2···. ··· A···or···.

背景···脊柱···生物···究大···在躯···力量···状面···方面···脊柱···程中···部的···学响···报道···:通···姿势···后凸···探究···脊柱···程中···生物···应。···建立···