The joint roughness coefficient (JRC) of rock joints has the characteristic of scale effect. JRC measured on small-size exposed rock joints should be evaluated by JRC scale effect in order to obtain the JRC of actual-scale rock joints, since field rock joints are hardly fully exposed or well saved. Based on the validity analysis of JRC scale effect, concepts of rate of JRC scale effect and effective length of JRC scale effect were proposed. Then, a graphic method for determination of the effective length of JRC scale effect was established. Study results show that the JRC of actual-scale rock joints can be obtained through a fractal model of JRC scale effect according to the statistically measured results of the JRC of small-size partial exposed rock joints and by the selection of fractal dimension of JRC scale effect and the determination of effective length of JRC scale effect.

压力隧洞衬砌水力开裂的随机性威胁深埋压力隧洞的安全运行。为准确模拟内水压作用下压力隧洞衬砌的随机水力劈裂过程,将混凝土衬砌视为两相介质,借助商业软件ABAQUS与MATLAB,结合用户材料子程序二次开发,基于黏结单元力学参数的随机赋值理论,建立压力隧洞衬砌内水外渗下的随机水力劈裂模型。首先,借助ABAQUS用户材料子程序二次开发,改进传统孔压黏结单元本构关系;利用改进的孔压黏结单元模拟衬砌中的初始缺陷等弱相,采用Weibull分布描述弱相力学参数的随机性;利用实体孔压单元模拟衬砌强相,强相材料参数取混凝土力学参数均值;内水压力按体力施加,建立压力隧洞衬砌渗流–应力–劈裂耦合分析模型;利用MATLAB对模型前处理与后处理。以某大型物理模型试验为例,采用本文模型进行压力隧洞衬砌的水力劈裂全过程模拟。结果表明:压力隧洞衬砌在高内水压下,不可避免发生开裂,出现内水外渗;衬砌裂缝分布稀疏,具有一定随机性;衬砌开裂部位钢筋应力先增长后回缩,与内水压力关系密切,内水外渗改善衬砌受力状况;提出的模型较好地模拟了压力隧洞衬砌在内水压作用下的随机水力劈裂特征、裂缝分布,且钢筋应力计算结果与模型试验实测结果吻合较好,为压力隧洞衬砌水力劈裂分析提供了一种可靠的方法。

为研究石灰岩裂隙的摩擦滑动特性,搭建了三轴试验系统,进行了劈裂石灰岩岩芯在湿润和干燥条件下的滑动-控制-滑动试验、速度步长试验和渗透试验。通过滑动-控制-滑动试验和速度步长试验分别研究了石灰岩裂隙摩擦强度的时间依赖性和滑动稳定性,并进一步分析了水对裂隙摩擦强度特性的影响,同时还通过渗透试验观察了裂隙渗透率在滑动过程中的变化。滑动-控制-滑动试验表明:裂隙的摩擦强度具有时间和应力依赖性,裂隙摩擦强度在控制时间内的下降量及重新滑动后的愈合量均与控制时长成正比,而与有效压应力成反比;此外,摩擦强度特性还明显受到水的影响。速度步长试验则表明:石灰岩裂隙摩擦强度随滑动速度的增加而增大,呈现速度强化特性。最后通过不同有效正应力下（介于1?3 MPa之间）的渗透试验发现:裂隙的渗透率不仅随有效应力的增加而急剧下降,而且在各级正应力下亦随滑动而逐渐减小。

In this paper, a triaxial experimental apparatus is developed to investigate the frictional sliding behavior of fissures in limestone. Slide-hold-slide (SHS) tests, velocity stepping (VS) tests and permeability tests are conducted on the limestone core samples under both dry and wet conditions. Time-dependence and sliding stability are firstly studied through SHS tests and VS tests, respectively, and then the effect of water on the frictional behavior of fissures is further analyzed. Meanwhile, the permeability of fissures is measured during the sliding process in permeability tests. SHS tests show that frictional strength of fissures exhibits significant time- and stress- dependent behavior. The decreasing magnitude of frictional strength at the controlled time and the healing magnitude after re-sliding are proportional to the controlled time intervals, but inversely proportional to the effective confining stress. In addition, the frictional behavior is obviously influenced by water. However, VS tests demonstrate that frictional strength of limestone increases with increasing sliding velocities, which indicates the velocity-strengthening behavior. Finally, it can be seen from a series of permeability tests under varied effective normal stresses from 1 to 3 MPa is carried out, the permeability declines sharply with the increase of effective confining stress, and even decreases gradually with sliding process at each level of effective confining stress.
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为模拟试验中观察到的石灰岩裂隙摩擦强度愈合现象,提出用压力溶解和应力腐蚀相结合的综合模型来模拟裂隙摩擦强度的愈合。综合模型可同时考虑压力溶解和应力腐蚀对裂隙接触面的改造作用,通过裂隙接触面积的变化表征摩擦强度的愈合。模拟结果表明:压力溶解模型低估了短控制时间内摩擦强度的愈合量,通过进一步的参数敏感性分析发现,随着控制时间的增长,温度的升高显著地提高了压力溶解模型的模拟值,而有效应力的增加对模拟值的影响相对较小;应力腐蚀模型则主要反映应力压缩引起的裂隙接触面积增长;压力溶解模型和应力腐蚀模型结合则能较好地模拟裂隙摩擦强度的愈合。因此,用压力溶解模型模拟裂隙摩擦强度愈合时,特别是在模拟短控制时间内和低温条件下力学占主导作用的愈合时,应考虑应力腐蚀引起的裂隙接触面积变化。

针对真空-堆载联合预压法各设计参数敏感性分析研究的不足,应用Biot固结理论及ABAQUS软件,建立了真空-堆载联合预压分析模型.选取某实际公路试验段进行了真空值大小,塑料排水板打设深度、打设间距、透水性等设计参数的敏感性分析,研究了软土地基在经过真空-堆载联合预压处理后的加固效果及变形位移随各设计参数的变化规律,给出了各种设计参数对加固效果的影响程度.基于设计参数的敏感性分析,提出了各种加快软土固结沉降速率以及尽量减少工程对周围环境影响等的工程措施.研究成果可为真空-堆载联合预压法处理软土地基的设计提供参考依据.

Generalized models of joint surface shapes are the foundation for mechanism studies on the mechanical effects of rock joint surface shapes. Based on extensive field investigations of rock joint surface shapes, generalized models for three level shapes named macroscopic outline, surface undulating shape, and microcosmic roughness were established through statistical analyses of 20,078 rock joint surface profiles. The relative amplitude of profile curves was used as a borderline for the division of different level shapes. The study results show that the macroscopic outline has three basic features such as planar, arc-shaped, and stepped; the surface undulating shape has three basic features such as planar, undulating, and stepped; and the microcosmic roughness has two basic features such as smooth and rough.

为了研究压力隧洞渗透稳定性与围岩变模、围岩渗透系数、地应力、衬砌类型及厚度等的关系,建立了压力隧洞内水外渗的渗流-应力-开裂耦合计算模型,拟定了不同围岩渗透系数、不同围岩变模、不同初始地应力、不同衬砌类型及厚度等组合的一

针对压力隧洞内水外渗分析缺乏完善的渗流-应力-开裂耦合分析模型的现状,基于传统的黏结裂缝模型,提出了能进行渗流分析的黏结裂缝单元模型.应用Biot固结理论和内水荷载施加的体力理论,建立了压力隧洞内水外渗的渗流-应力-开裂耦合分析模型.选择典型的圆形断面压力隧洞进行了内水外渗的渗流-应力-开裂耦合模拟分析.计算结果与实测资料的定性对比表明,该模型是合理可行的,可用于压力隧洞内水外渗的渗流-应力-开裂耦合分析.