This research has adopted eye movement technique to study the influence of warning character on the information processing, which involves in two experiments. With our study, we have made our focus of research on the warning position, warning icon and warning border as a visual stimulus means. In our investigation, we have been keeping on with such commonly-made eye-movement recording parameters, such as the Fixation Count, the First Fixation and Duration by using an Eye Link II eye tracker, which is in a position to reflect the subject's attention and conversion of the attentions. What is more, we have done a single factor variance analysis (ANOVA) in hoping to work out the experimental data due to the kinds of eye movement parameters, and the following conclusions were drawn: (1) The warning position on the warning interface affects the machining process of the warning. When the warning is embedded in text, the warning is more noticeable and the perceived hazard level is higher. (2) Consistent with the results of the relevant studies on warnings on product labels, there are also icon effects on the warning interface, and the icon can improve the salience of the warning itself and the level of perceived danger. (3) There are also border effects on the warning interface. The appearance of the border makes the warning more significant and the perceived hazard level can be improved. The research results of this paper can also be adopted as the warning message design reference, which has had a great significance in improving the identification of warning message and reducing the rate of visual accidents on interface.

Accurate comprehension of safety signs plays a critical part in warning construction workers of potential work hazards. However, existing studies have rarely investigated construction workers' comprehension of safety signs at construction sites. Moreover, existing evaluation methods are generally based on subjective behavior tests, questionnaires, and interviews. Therefore, this study examined the effects of semantic congruity on the comprehension of safety signs, including two sign types (prohibition vs. warning signs) and two conditions (semantic congruence vs. incongruence), combining event-related potentials and time-frequency analysis measurements. Adopting the S1-S2 paradigm, electroencephalogram data were recorded when participants decided whether S1 and S2 were semantically congruent or not. Results showed that the semantically incongruent safety sign-word pairs elicited larger N400 amplitudes and increased theta (3–8 Hz) power in 300–420 ms. The amplitude of N400 in the semantically incongruent condition of the warning sign-word pairs was more negative than that for the prohibition sign-word pairs, while there were no significant differences between the prohibition and warning sign-word pairs in the semantically congruent condition. A greater late positive potential (LPP) (550–750 ms) was also elicited in the semantically incongruent safety sign-word pairs, which was different from previous studies that observed larger LPP in congruent conditions. These results suggest complicated cognitive mechanisms of safety sign comprehension in construction workers. This study extends safety sign comprehension research by using electrophysiological approaches and provides useful indicators for researchers or safety engineers to measure the semantic congruity of proposed sign designs. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

It is important to use a bath chair for reducing the injury risk in elderly independent bathing and for improving the elderly bathing experience. This study aimed to investigate the elderly independent bathing process and the effect of bath chairs on the elderly. We investigated the bath scenarios of elderly Chinese people through a questionnaire and behavior observation. Then, based on the survey results, we designed an experiment to evaluate the muscle workload and subjective experience in twelve bathing tasks. Twelve elderly participants were recruited to complete the bathing task in two scenarios: with a chair and without a chair. We found Showering was the dominant bathing style for elderly Chinese people. The rectus-femoris and the lumbar-erector workload change differed significantly between the two scenarios when cleaning the lower body, and the subjective experience with a chair was significantly better than that without a chair. The amplitude of the basic motions of the static-work joints significantly affects the workload of corresponding muscles and the bathing experience. The bath chair effectively reduced the workload of the rectus femoris and the lumbar-erector, reducing the risk of falls and improving the subjective experience of the elderly when cleaning the lower body. However, the bath chair had limited improvement in the workload of the rectus femoris and the lumbarerector during some bathing tasks, which was the main direction of the bath-chair optimization. This study helps to evaluate the elderly bathing experience, and optimizes bath-chair design.

随着计算机科学和云计算的不断发展,数据也越趋于复杂,其中不乏很多高维数据。对高维数据进行有效的可视化处理是降低用户认知负荷与提高数据传输效率的重要方法,可视化处理方式主要是对数据进行视觉编码,视觉变量作为视觉呈现的媒介,对信息传递具有重要意义。由于视觉变量多为成对使用,而目前大部分的视觉变量研究都仅仅关注于独立视觉变量,不利于提高视觉编码效率,因此,本文着重对基于高维数据可视化的独立变量与多重变量进行系统性的研究,梳理视觉变量与高维数据特征的表征关系,结合用户的认知特性,利用视觉感知实验探究多重视觉变量有效性并根据实验所得规律指导案例设计。本文首先结合高维数据的静动态属性特点与用户的认知特性,对静动态视觉变量进行深入剖析,同时依据高维数据的可视化特征提出视觉变量分类新方案。其次,基于可视化界面的认知特性及认知负荷理论基础,分析多重视觉变量的认知特性及视觉感知效果,从多重视觉变量的“联想—分离”特性出发探究差别变量与等级变量多种组合形式带来的视觉感知特征,并在充实的理论铺垫下,提出多重视觉变量视觉感知的序列性概念,同时基于此概念研究多重视觉变量的编码策略。视觉变量不仅运用在视觉呈现上,本文对可交互式视觉变量编码的分析拓展了视觉变量的运用领域。再次,运用心物学理论的视觉感知实验方法研究多重视觉变量有效性,将背景色纳入实验因素之内。使用JavaScript搭建一个实验系统,实验在此系统界面上进行。运用spss和excel对实验结果数据进行分析,最终得出提高可视化视觉编码有效性的参考性建议。最后,选用基于时空数据的人口迁徙案例作为设计对象,将实验所得规律与设计实践相结合。

Given that the unreasonable layout caused by the surge of map information will dramatically reduce the user's operation performance, this paper proposed a 3 V layout method based on human visual motion cognition. According to the visual flow method, two visual search experiments were designed to study the influence of label layouts and graphic overlap rates on users' search efficiency. By testing users' reaction time and gaze behaviour, it was found that L-LR layouts arranged in a vertically symmetrical way had the best search performance among the four layouts. The overall performance of L-LR and L-TB layouts arranged in a unidirectional and symmetrical way was better than that of L-UG and L-EP layouts in the graphic and number search task. However, L-UG and L-EP layouts performed better than L-LR and L-TB ones in the graphic search under lower overlap rates. Moreover, it is also worth noting that the performance of graphic search was significantly higher than that of number search, indicating that users distinguished the location-based information represented by graphics better than that by text. The results provide a certain theoretical basis and application value for the map information layout of the GIS interface.

In this study, event-related potential (ERP) was used to examine whether the brain has an inhibition effect on the interference of audio-visual information in the Chinese interface. Concrete icons (flame and snowflake) or Chinese characters ((sic) and (sic)) with opposite semantics were used as target carriers, and colors (red and blue) and speeches ((sic) and (sic)) were used as audio-visual intervention stimuli. In the experiment, target carrier and audio-visual intervention were presented in a random combination, and the subjects needed to determine whether the semantics of the two matched quickly. By comparing the overall cognitive performance of two carriers, it was found that the brain had a more significant inhibition effect on audio-visual intervention stimuli with different semantics (SBH/LBH and SRC/LRC) relative to the same semantics (SRH/LRH). The semantic mismatch caused significant N400, indicating that semantic interference in the interface information would trigger the brain's inhibition effect. Therefore, the more complex the semantic matching of interface information was, the higher the amplitude of N400 became. The results confirmed that the semantic relationship between target carrier and audio-visual intervention was the key factor affecting the cognitive inhibition effect. Moreover, under different intervention stimuli, the ERP's negative activity caused by Chinese characters in frontal and parietal-occipital regions was more evident than that by concrete icons, indicating that concrete icons had a lower inhibition effect than Chinese characters. Therefore, we considered that this inhibition effect was based on the semantic constraints of the target carrier itself, which might come from the knowledge learning and intuitive experience stored in the human brain.