Application Abstract: Nerve injury repair is a worldwide problem in clinical practice.The repair,a complex process involving many cellular activities,requires the construction of a"bridge"across the defect to guide axonal growth and the recreation of a suitable"microenvironment"to facilitate nerve regeneration.Stem-cell-based tissue engineering technology provides a new strategy for its treatment.This project focused on the elucidation of how stem cells regulated and interacted with the regenerative microenvironment by examining cellular and molecular changes within the lesioned sites during nerve repair.We constructed the stem-cell-based neural tissue module through unique procedures of incorporating stem cells into biocompatible scaffolds,and successfully implanted the module to peripheral nerve defect or injured spinal cord,followed by evaluation of repair outcomes and repair safety.We further investigated the possible biological mechanisms of rebuilding the regenerative microenvironment and promoting neural growth by the stem-cell-based nerve tissue module.The results we obtained will be helpful in formulating technical specifications,establishing a clinical evaluation system,and achieving clinical transformation for this new treatment strategy in further research and to provide a new therapeutic strategy for nerve injury repair
