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1.Inhibition of Hepatic ACC Decreases Ketogenesis during Fasting due to Elevated Amino Acid Availability
2.Voluntary Exercise during Food Restriction Promotes a Sustained Increase in Hepatic Oxidative Metabolism
3.How the Chemical Properties of GBCAs Influence Their Safety Profiles In Vivo
- 关键词:
- gadolinium-based contrast agents; thermodynamic stability; kineticinertness; gadolinium deposition; T-1 hyperintensity;NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS; T1-WEIGHTED MR-IMAGES; HIGH-SIGNALINTENSITY; NORMAL RENAL-FUNCTION; INTRACRANIAL GADOLINIUM DEPOSITION;POLYMETHYLATED DOTA LIGANDS; HUMAN BONE TISSUE; DENTATE NUCLEUS;CONTRAST AGENTS; GLOBUS-PALLIDUS
The extracellular class of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is an essential tool for clinical diagnosis and disease management. In order to better understand the issues associated with GBCA administration and gadolinium retention and deposition in the human brain, the chemical properties of GBCAs such as relative thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities and their likelihood of forming gadolinium deposits in vivo will be reviewed. The chemical form of gadolinium causing the hyperintensity is an open question. On the basis of estimates of total gadolinium concentration present, it is highly unlikely that the intact chelate is causing the T-1 hyperintensities observed in the human brain. Although it is possible that there is a water-soluble form of gadolinium that has high relaxitvity present, our experience indicates that the insoluble gadolinium-based agents/salts could have high relaxivities on the surface of the solid due to higher water access. This review assesses the safety of GBCAs from a chemical point of view based on their thermodynamic and kinetic properties, discusses how these properties influence in vivo behavior, and highlights some clinical implications regarding the development of future imaging agents.
...4.How the Chemical Properties of GBCAs Influence Their Safety Profiles In Vivo
- 关键词:
- gadolinium-based contrast agents; thermodynamic stability; kineticinertness; gadolinium deposition; T-1 hyperintensity;NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS; T1-WEIGHTED MR-IMAGES; HIGH-SIGNALINTENSITY; NORMAL RENAL-FUNCTION; INTRACRANIAL GADOLINIUM DEPOSITION;POLYMETHYLATED DOTA LIGANDS; HUMAN BONE TISSUE; DENTATE NUCLEUS;CONTRAST AGENTS; GLOBUS-PALLIDUS
The extracellular class of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is an essential tool for clinical diagnosis and disease management. In order to better understand the issues associated with GBCA administration and gadolinium retention and deposition in the human brain, the chemical properties of GBCAs such as relative thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities and their likelihood of forming gadolinium deposits in vivo will be reviewed. The chemical form of gadolinium causing the hyperintensity is an open question. On the basis of estimates of total gadolinium concentration present, it is highly unlikely that the intact chelate is causing the T-1 hyperintensities observed in the human brain. Although it is possible that there is a water-soluble form of gadolinium that has high relaxitvity present, our experience indicates that the insoluble gadolinium-based agents/salts could have high relaxivities on the surface of the solid due to higher water access. This review assesses the safety of GBCAs from a chemical point of view based on their thermodynamic and kinetic properties, discusses how these properties influence in vivo behavior, and highlights some clinical implications regarding the development of future imaging agents.
...5.Effect of Doxorubicin on Myocardial Bicarbonate Production From Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in Women With Breast Cancer
- 关键词:
- anthracyclines; carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy;cardiotoxicity; mitochondria; heart; pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
