Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major enzymes in detoxification phase II, and have been functioned in resistance to various insecticides or oxidative stress. Herein, we selected the non-biting midge, Propsilocerus akamusi, widespread in Asian aquatic ecosystems, to uncover the gene location, structure, and phylogenetics relationship of GSTs at genome scale first time. Thirty-three cytosolic and four microsomal GST genes were identified and located on the four chromosomes. The cytosolic GSTs involved in the eight subclasses and five GST genes were unclassified. The expansion of GST genes in P. akamusi experienced duplication events on the delta, theta, xi, iota, and unclassified subclasses. The RNA-Seq analyses and RT-qPCR validation showed that the expression of PaGSTt2 gene is significantly elevated, with deltamethrin concentration increasing. The tertiary structure of PaGSTt2 enzyme was reconstructed, which was different from the other theta gene in the active site. In addition, the GST genes of six chironomids were first described based on the assembled genomes to explore the difference of those in the adaptation to kinds of environments. The GST frame for P. akmusi and its expression profiles provide valuable resources to understand their role in insecticide resistance of this species, as well as those of other biting midges.

The genus Parachironomus has a cosmopolitan distribution including 85 valid described species world-wide. Species records and studies of the genus in the Tibetan Plateau are scarce. In this study, the genus Parachironomus from China is revised and two new species, Parachironomus wangi Liu & Lin, sp. nov. and Parachironomus nankaiensis Liu & Lin, sp. nov., are described based on adult morphology and molecular data. Paracladopelma demissum Yan, Wang & Bu is placed in the genus Parachironomus as a new combina-tion. A neighbor-joining tree was reconstructed based on all known Parachironomus COI DNA barcodes. A key to adult males of the genus Parachironomus from China is also provided.

A new species, Compterosmittia wangi Liu sp. nov. is described and illustrated as adult males. An updated key to males of Compterosmittia worldwide is presented.

Three new species, Rheotanytarsus ashei Yao & Liu sp. n., Rheotanytarsus pinderi Yao & Liu sp. n. and Rheotanytarsus vallenduuki Yao & Liu sp. n. are described and illustrated as adult males. Rheotanytarsus oss Cranston, 1997 is newly recorded and re-described from China. An updated key to males of Rheotanytarsus pellucidus species group is presented.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)play a key role in the interactions between plants and herbivorous insects,as HIPVs can promote or deter herbivorous insects’behavior.While aphids are common and serious phloem

The male adult of Boreoheptagyia zhengi Lin & Liu, sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on material collected in China. Associated morphological characteristics and reference to its DNA barcode are provided. Boreoheptagyia kurobebrevis (Sasa & Okazawa, 1992) is newly recorded from China based on both a male and female, with additional associated data on the DNA barcode of the male adult. A neighbor-joining tree based on available Boreoheptagyia DNA barcodes and a key to the adults of Boreoheptagyia from China are given.

Diamesa loeffleri Reiss, 1968 is newly recorded from China. Here, we present illustrated redescription of the adult male, as well as measurements and morphological differences between the Chinese and Nepalese specimens of D. loeffleri.

A new species, Stenochironomus zhengi Lin & Liu sp. nov., is described and illustrated as adult males. An updated key to males of Stenochironomus from China is presented.

为了解新烟碱类杀虫剂对红裸须摇蚊的毒性影响,以休眠期和发育期红裸须摇蚊(Propsilocerus akamusi)幼虫为材料,测试吡虫啉(IMI)、噻虫嗪(THI)、噻虫胺(CLO)、呋虫胺(DIN)、啶虫脒(ACE)5种新烟碱类杀虫剂对幼虫的急性毒性差异,并探究亚

Environmental DNA metabarcoding is becoming a predominant tool in biodiversity assessment, as this time- and cost-efficient tactics have the ability to increase monitoring accuracy. As a worldwide distributed genus, Rheocricotopus Brundin, 1956 still does not possess a complete and comprehensive global DNA barcode reference library for biodiversity monitoring. In the present study, we compiled a cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) DNA barcode library of Rheocricotopus with 434 barcodes around the world, including 121 newly generated DNA barcodes of 32 morphospecies and 313 public barcodes. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) was applied on the 434 COI barcodes to provide a comparison between the operational taxonomic units (OTU) number calculated from the Barcode Index Number (BIN) with the "Barcode Gap Analysis" and neighbor-joining (NJ) tree analysis. Consequently, these 434 COI barcodes were clustered into 78 BINs, including 42 new BINs. ABGD yielded 51 OTUs with a prior intraspecific divergence of Pmax = 7.17%, while NJ tree revealed 52 well-separated clades. Conservatively, 14 unknown species and one potential synonym were uncovered with reference to COI DNA barcodes. Besides, based on our ecological analysis, we discovered that annual mean temperature and annual precipitation could be considered as key factors associated with distribution of certain members from this genus. Our global DNA barcode reference library of Rheocricotopus provides one fundamental database for accurate species delimitation in Chironomidae taxonomy and facilitates the biodiversity monitoring of aquatic biota.