海洋资源的开发与利用是我国当代面临的重要议题,是国民经济稳步运行的有力保证,为此国家加快了海洋资源开发装备的研制与建设。但是,濒海环境尤其是低纬度海域濒海环境极为严酷,其特殊的“三高一多一强”的强腐蚀环境已造成了诸多海洋装备设施的表面腐蚀,严重影响了设备设施的可靠性与安全性。因此,急需对其锈蚀表面进行除锈及预处理。据了解,传统除锈方式对环境污染较大,成本较高,不适于濒海装备的表面除锈工作。针对濒海设备设施的除锈工况条件及作业过程出现的新要求,本论文基于高压空化水射流技术设计了一套便携式除锈设备,研制了风琴管式空化喷嘴,并搭建了试验平台对其除锈效果进行了大量除锈对比试验,得到了喷嘴的最佳结构参数组合和最佳设备工艺参数。本论文主要开展了以下研究工作:（1）分析本课题的研究背景和现实意义,阐述国内外高压水射流的发展状况,总结了高压水射流在除锈方面的发展趋势。（2）依据总体设计原则和要求提出了高压水射流除锈设备的整体设计方案。对高压泵的型式、性能、结构进行分析与选择,根据课题实际需求,最终选择泵压为100MPa、流量为12.7L/min的卧式高压柱塞泵,并结合标准完成设备整体所需全部零部件的选型设计。（3）对风琴管空化喷嘴的谐振腔空化原理进行了分析,结合水声学与流体力学相关知识,设计了6种结构数据组合的空化喷嘴。最后为提高单喷嘴除锈的效率,在风琴管结构设计的基础上,设计了 4个人工淹没式空化喷嘴。（4）应用流体计算仿真软件Fluent对所设计喷嘴的内部流体场进行了分析,发现风琴管空化喷嘴圆柱段及附近区域和淹没式空化喷嘴的出口圆柱段区域均出现回流现象,而且压力值降到了饱和蒸气压以下,表明所设计的6个风琴管空化喷嘴和4个淹没式空化喷嘴均可产生空化气泡。另外,通过对比喷嘴的气相体积分数,发现风琴管空化喷嘴中的4#喷嘴和θ角为60°的淹没式空化喷嘴空化效果最好,结构最优。（5）采用了“标准冲蚀试件法”对所设计的风琴管空化喷嘴的冲蚀性能进行测定,进而以304不锈钢钢板为基体,设计了除锈试验,试验条件下的最佳靶距为15～18cm,最佳冲蚀时间为30s,风琴管空化喷嘴最优结构参数为（Ds/D）2=3.83、（D/d）2=11.00、（L/d）=2.14。风琴管空化喷嘴可用于清洗C/D级锈,除锈效率在4m2/h左右,人工淹没式空化喷嘴的冲蚀效果优于宝石淹没式空化喷嘴,可用于清除浮锈,即A/B级锈,除锈效率较高,可达7.5m2/h。除锈表面均可达Sa2.5级,满足涂装要求。

为解决热喷涂直接制备磁铅石结构铁氧体涂层问题,采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了铁氧体/聚乙烯复合涂层,研究了复合涂层的相结构和微观组织形貌。结果表明:等离子喷涂铁氧体/聚乙烯复合涂层厚度为1 mm,涂层中同时存在尖晶石相和磁铅石相,尖

以氧化石墨烯和钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用一步水热法制备氧化石墨烯/二氧化钛(GO-TiO_(2))复合材料,研究不同钛酸四丁酯含量对GO-TiO_(2)复合材料组织和性能的影响规律.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、拉曼光谱(RS)、紫

Cobalt ferrite/carbon nanotubes (CoFe2O4/CNTs) nanocomposite absorber materials were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. The effects of CNTs on the microstructure, electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties of CoFe2O4 were investigated systematically. Morphological analysis showed a net-work like structure where CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were connected by carbon nanotubes forming large blockshaped wave absorbers. In addition, the reflection loss of CoFe2O4/CNTs reached -37.39 dB at a thickness of 1.7 mm, along with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.2 GHz, which shows better absorption ability than pure cobalt ferrite. The wide absorption bandwidth of the fabricated CoFe2O4/CNTs nanocomposite at such a thin thickness is highly desirable for microwave absorbers used in various technological applications. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

目的研究水热反应时间对氧化锌吸波性能的影响,以获得高性能吸波材料。方法通过控制水热反应时间,制备不同形貌的氧化锌半导体材料,并采用XRD、SEM、TEM等表征手段,分析水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料形貌及结构的影响。利用矢量网络

超疏水表面是具有独特性能的一类表面,本身就具有广泛应用前景.石墨烯材料作为理化性质出众的一类材料,由于其高电导率、高导热系数、高比表面积、高透光率和有优异的机械性能,广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工、海洋船舶等领域.目前,基于石墨烯材料构建超疏水表面,是超疏水表面研究中一个较新的方向.本文对超疏水表面的原理进行了概述,重点总结归纳了石墨烯基超疏水材料制备技术的研究现状,包括表面修饰法、沉积改性法、激光诱导法、涂覆法、层层自组装法等,简要介绍了石墨烯超疏水材料在自清洁、油水分离、防覆冰、耐腐蚀、抗菌等领域的应用,并对石墨烯超疏水材料的下一步研究方向进行了展望.

Cobalt ferrite/carbon nanotubes (CoFe₂O₄/CNTs) nanocomposite absorber materials were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. The effects of CNTs on the microstructure, electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties of CoFe₂O₄ were investigated systematically. Morphological analysis showed a network like structure where CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were connected by carbon nanotubes forming large block-shaped wave absorbers. In addition, the reflection loss of CoFe₂O₄/CNTs reached −37.39 dB at a thickness of 1.7 mm, along with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.2 GHz, which shows better absorption ability than pure cobalt ferrite. The wide absorption bandwidth of the fabricated CoFe₂O₄/CNTs nanocomposite at such a thin thickness is highly desirable for microwave absorbers used in various technological applications.
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

定量结构-性质关系（QSPR）方法是一种将材料的微观定量结构与其某些性能构建关系的方法.通过构建的关系模型可以对具有其他结构的材料性能进行预测, QSPR已成为材料基因组计划的主要实现途径之一.计算方法是决定QSPR模型准确程度、构建速度的主要因素,选择最佳的计算方法对改善QSPR模型预测精度、计算速度等指标至关重要.本文首先对QSPR模型进行了概述,简单介绍了QSPR方法的计算步骤;重点说明了QSPR中分子描述符计算方法、模型优化算法,并对各个方法进行了优缺点分析;最后总结了近些年QSPR中各类计算方法的应用趋势.

ZnO with three different morphologies were synthesized by hydrothermal method with sodium citrate, polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG2000) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactants, and zinc acetate as the precursor. The phase structure and morphology of zinc oxide were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning- and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), while vector network analysis was involved in the characterization of the electromagnetic parameters of the samples. The effect of different surfactants on the structure, morphology, and electromagnetic absorption properties of zinc oxide was also investigated. ZnO obtained with CTAB as the surfactant showed an excellent wave absorption performance at the frequency range of 9.93-18 GHz by adjusting the sample's matching thickness. When this was 5.39 mm, a minimum return loss of - 52.86 dB was obtained at 17.76 GHz, while at 5.74 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth reached 2.32 GHz (15.68-18 GHz).

Cobalt ferrite is synthesized via a simple solvothermal method. Then, the effect of the degree of cobalt-ferrite growth on its morphology, structure, electromagnetic performance, and microwave absorption is studied as a function of the solvothermal reaction time. When the reaction time during synthesis is 8 h, the structure of cobalt ferrite is hollow spheres. In addition, when the reaction time is 12 h and 16 h, it becomes a submicron sphere with a diameter of 100–150 nm. With the increase of reaction time, cobalt ferrite underwent the process of cobalt ferrite formation, hollow structure formation, hollow structure disappearance, agglomeration separation and reagglomeration in 4–16 h. In general, CoFe2O4-8h shows better microwave absorption-the effective absorption bandwidth is 9.84 GHz (6–15.84 GHz) for a thickness of 1.72–3.72 mm. This represents a minimum return loss of −47.24 dB. A better understanding of both the synthesis parameters and the relationship between structure and electromagnetic properties can open new possibilities for applications and the development of microwave absorbing materials. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.