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基于DEM的黄土勺状沟壑发育特征及区域差异性研究

项目来源

国家自然科学基金(NSFC)

项目主持人

杨昕

项目受资助机构

南京师范大学

立项年度

2017

立项时间

未公开

项目编号

41771415

研究期限

未知 / 未知

项目级别

国家级

受资助金额

63.00万元

学科

地球科学-地理科学-地理信息学

学科代码

D-D01-D0114

基金类别

面上项目

关键词

数字地形分析 ; 地形特征提取 ; 黄土高原 ; 地形建模 ; 勺状沟壑 ; digital terrain analysis ; terrain feature extraction ; spoon-shaped gully ; terrain modeling ; loess plateau

参与者

袁宝印；那嘉明；李吉龙；黄骁力；丁浒；代文；李敏；李晨瑞；卢庆辉

参与机构

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所

项目标书摘要：黄土勺状沟壑与一般沟谷从上游到下游沟宽沟深逐渐增大不同，是指独立发育坡面上，由上到下逐渐变窄变浅，形状类似勺子的一类特殊沟壑，其形成与生态环境及气候变化联系密切。对勺状沟壑的研究为揭示黄土沟谷发育环境条件、深化黄土沟蚀机理、指导黄土高原水土保持工作具有重要作用。本课题以高分辨率DEM和遥感影像为基础数据，在实现黄土勺状沟壑自动识别的基础上，从地形、土壤、气候以及地表覆盖等方面，构建勺状沟壑特征信息库；基于地貌研究中的空代时理论，结合统计分析和图谱分析，挖掘勺状沟壑形成环境条件、发育过程及其区域差异性；通过野外和室内相结合的模拟实验，探索勺状沟壑发育演化形态模拟方法。对勺状沟壑发育特征及演化过程的认识将进一步完善黄土地貌研究的内容与体系，基于DEM勺状沟壑自动识别和发育过程形态模拟，进一步丰富了数字地形分析方法，有望取得创新性成果。

Application Abstract: Spoon shaped gully is an unique kind of loess gully developed independently in the slope,which topographic feature and development pattern are significantly different from bank gully,hanging gully and hidden gully.It has a gradually narrow shape from top to bottom which gully head is arc-like with a strong down-cutting effect,and the gully bottom is usually connected with loess tunnel rather than upper level gully.The study on topographic feature,development pattern,spatial distribution and environmental condition of spoon shaped gully will enrich the knowledge of essential characteristics and mechanism of loess gully evolution.Based on high accuracy of digital elevation model(DEM)and high resolution image,this project firstly study the automatic extraction method of spoon shaped gully and build the information database of its topographic features,spatial distribution and environmental condition.After analyzing the series of characteristics and their spatial distribution pattern of spoon shaped gully,the formation mechanism,developmental pattern and environmental dependence are then mined by using the‘space-for-time’theory.Finally,through both field and laboratory simulation experiment,the development and evolution model of spoon shaped gully will be explored and simulated.The systematic study of loess spoon shaped gully is a useful theoretical supplement for loess landform research which is expected to make a breakthrough in the theory and application of both digital terrain analysis and geomorphology of Loess Plateau.

项目受资助省

江苏省

项目结题报告(全文)

黄土勺沟是指独立发育在坡面，由上到下逐渐变窄变浅，形状类似勺子的一类特殊沟壑，其形成原因、发育过程、分布模式及环境依赖性等与一般沟壑存在显著区别，有待明确。本研究在大量野外调查和专家知识的基础上，建立了黄土勺状沟壑概念模型，提出了勺沟的发育模式，基于空代时理论探索其发育过程，并基于Google Earth高分影像实现了黄土高原区域的勺沟调查，研究了勺沟的空间分布特征及其环境依赖性。主要结论如下:①勺沟是一种头大尾细、跟其他沟谷没有明显汇流关系、独立发育在坡面的永久性不连续沟谷。在总结勺沟特征的基础上，依据勺沟的发育形态、发育规模和发育部位，将勺沟分为不同的类型。②勺沟的形成离不开黄土陷穴和暗穴的生成和发育，勺沟的发展壮大受到重力侵蚀和水力侵蚀的共同作用，尤其是沟头的溯源侵蚀促进了勺沟的进一步发育。③勺沟在黄土高原的分布极不均匀且具有明显的聚集性，主要分布在黄土高原西部和东北边缘区域，该区域亦是连续沟谷不充分发育的区域。④勺沟分布具有明显的地形选择性，主要分布在半阳坡和15°-25°的坡面。半阳坡主要发育勺沟、浅沟等中小尺度的坡面沟，而阳坡更利于发育切沟等大型沟。勺沟形成所需的临界坡度介于浅沟和切沟之间。⑤不同地理环境因子对勺沟形成的影响程度存在差异，勺沟的形成主要受到降雨、植被覆盖度、土壤质地和黄土厚度因素的影响。研究成果进一步丰富了黄土高原沟谷地貌演化的理论体系，深化了对沟谷发育过程与机理的认识，对黄土高原坡面水土流失治理具有一定的参考意义。该课题发表论文26篇，其中SCI/SSCI/EI检索19篇，中文核心7篇；获专利4项，软件著作权3项；举办全国数字地形分析研讨会1次，组织地理学大会(线上)数字地貌与行星地貌分会场1次，全国GIS博士生学术论坛两届，参加国内外会议10余次;3名博士生、4名硕士生分别赴瑞士洛桑大学、奥地利维也纳工业大学和奥地利萨尔兹堡大学开展国际学术交流；培养毕业博士研究生6人、硕士研究生8人。

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  • 2.Mapping artificial terraces from image matching point cloud in loess plateau of China

    • 关键词：
    • Edge detection;Geomorphology;Image matching;Sediments;Catchments;Extraction;Erosion;Topography;Landforms;Vegetation;Artificial Terrace;Automatic extraction;Classification accuracy;Loess hilly gully region;Loess plateau of chinas;Matching technology;Point cloud;Terrain segmentations
    • Na, J.;Yang, X.;Fang, X.;Tang, G.;Pfeifer, N.
    • 《4th ISPRS Geospatial Week 2019》
    • 2019年
    • June 10, 2019 - June 14, 2019
    • Enschede, Netherlands
    • 会议

    The Loess Plateau of China, as one of the most affected areas in the world, suffers from serious gully erosion due to its fragmented terrains and erosional materials. The farmland is terraced, i.e. artificial terraces are widely constructed in this region from 1960s to improve the food productivity. While from late 1990s, a project "Grain for Green" start to change those built artificial terraces from the agricultural use into ecologic areas, helping to conserve water. Mapping the artificial terraces, both their distribution and boundaries, is the basis of monitoring their extent and understanding their ecological effects. The drone-based image matching technology provides a possible solution. In this study, an automatic extraction method for artificial terraces was proposed based on the image-matching point cloud. Firstly, an image-matching point cloud was generated using the Pix4d software. Then the vegetation index and height difference were applied on the original point cloud for positive (non-gully) – negative (gully area) terrain segmentation. After that, edge detection on normal vector difference was performed in the non-gully area to define the ridges of artificial terraces. The case study was performed in a small catchment Wucheng in Shanxi province. A comparison between the manual delineation result and the automatic extraction result indicates our method has a total classification accuracy of 85.8%. The proposed method considers comprehensively of topography and landcover. We conclude that it has a an optimistic potential in loess hilly-gully region with similarly complex terrains and diverse vegetation covers.
    © Authors 2019.

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