This paper is based on detailed studies by predecessors on the parameters of self-deposition reaction reagents, analyzes multiple extraction and multi - copper - sheet extraction experiments using the gross alpha count method. It was determined that 60 °C is the most suitable temperature for auto-precipitation reaction experiments by the paper. By performing multiple extractions, the amount of 210Po extracted from soil samples can be increased. Additionally, by controlling the mass loss of the sample solution during the extraction process, the extraction efficiency can also be improved. Meanwhile, the linear relationship between uranium ore powders of different concentrations and the alpha net count rate was investigated. It was revealed that outlier points exist in the measurement results of soil samples containing trace amounts of 210Po, with a relatively low linear correlation.Moreover, the extraction results of a single copper sheet are prone to obvious statistical fluctuations.These problems are effectively solved by the multi-copper-sheet extraction method, thereby reducing measurement errors.Furthermore, the effectiveness of these two methods was verified using field-collected soil samples.It was found that multiple extractions and the multi-copper-sheet method could further enhance the practical applicability and accuracy of 210Po measurement methods in soil. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

随着我国核能及国防核资源战略的发展,铀矿找矿逐步向深部隐伏铀矿勘探方向转变,大幅增长的铀资源需求与目前非常有限的铀矿勘探深度之间存在日益凸显的矛盾。地气测量方法以其元素深穿透特性,对深部隐伏铀矿具有优秀的示矿能力,推广地气测量方法有助于改善我国目前大部分铀矿特别是华南典型热液型铀矿勘查深度局限于数百米的现状。为模拟研究铀元素在地层介质中的运移行为,本文对多孔覆盖层介质中的流体流动特性、孔中铀元素传质机制等方面进行耦合物理场数值分析和实验观测研究,分析总结铀元素及含铀微粒在覆盖层中随地气或地下水迁移的运移规律。在优化实验模型结构前提下设计并研制了水平扩散铀运移、垂向柱式铀运移以及立方式铀运移等地气模型,实现了模型系统参数的自动控制。研究结果表明,铀元素能够以微粒形式随气相流体在多孔岩土介质中产生运移,其运移行为并不受特殊地气气体成分的决定。快速对流并非是介质孔隙中含铀微粒运移的必需动力,但运移行为会受到孔隙介质和孔隙度等特性的影响:泥质介质对含铀微粒具有较强的截留吸附作用,但不足以压制地气中含铀微粒的强穿透性;相同条件下孔隙度较大的介质更有利于含铀微粒的运移。不同于干孔中的铀元素运移,铀元素在饱水覆盖层介质中主要以离子态随地下水运移,且液相地下水对孔隙中的铀元素具有更强的运载能力。横向对流地下水以及破碎带等因素很大程度上可使隐伏铀矿在地表形成的矿致异常信息位置发生偏移;在时间尺度上,横向对流地下水会减缓地面上可观测矿致异常信息的形成,破碎带及裂隙通道则更有利于铀元素定向、超前运移,加速地面上可观测矿致异常信息的形成。在野外勘探作业中,采用自行研制的恒流式地气采集器进行主动式抽气方式进行地气采集,采集样品进行质谱分析方法进行多元素含量测定。通过居隆庵地区已知剖面上的试验研究,提出一套联合应用地气测量与地面γ能谱测量、钋-210活度测量以及土壤热释光测量的综合放射性勘探方法,通过主成分分析和变异系数赋权方法等数据处理手段,能有效提取出深部隐伏铀矿所致异常信息,从而对浅表及深部埋藏的铀矿进行有效勘探。根据对相山地区典型热液型隐伏铀矿的综合放射性勘探结果可知,勘探区内主要存在杏树下一带、上家岭一带两个具有深部铀矿有利成矿条件的预测靶区以及乐家北东侧一带、燕窝-响石中部一带两个具有中深部铀矿有利成矿条件的预测靶区。这些预测靶区内分布有明显的中高值综合放射性异常,且基本上符合断裂构造控矿特征,解释结果与项目组内其他物化探勘探结果具有较好的一致性。通过大量的模型实验、模拟计算以及野外试验和应用研究,不仅进一步丰富了深部隐伏铀矿在地面形成地气元素异常的认识,为今后地气中铀元素运移研究提供了重要手段;同时也进一步推广了地气测量在铀矿勘探中的应用,为热液型深部隐伏铀矿找矿提供了重要技术支撑。

To improve the limitation associated with a single data set and obtain more comprehensive anomaly information, this paper adopts the adaptive weighting fusion and multifractal SVM method for radioactive exploration data processing. Firstly, the adaptive weighting fusion method was used to fuse various radioactive exploration data from the field, including ground gamma-ray spectrometry, thermoluminescence, and 210Po activity. Then, we compared and analyzed it against the anomalous results obtained from each method. It is observed that the adaptive fusion yielded a more comprehensive dataset, which effectively reflected the anomalous geophysical characteristics of radioactivity, thereby eliminating the need to map each method separately. Finally, the concentration-area (C-A) multifractal model was used to classify the supervised learning labels, 70% of the sampling point data were selected as the training data, and the SVM was executed to predict the favorable prospecting target area, and the prediction accuracy reached 82.7%. At the same time, a model has been established to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the abnormal radioactive ore body and infer the deep favorable ore-forming target area. © 2025. The Author(s).

为更好的推广地气法在深部隐伏铀矿勘探中的应用,将地气测量、地面伽马能谱测量、土壤天然热释光测量、钋-210测量联合使用,在铀矿区已知剖面进行试验。利用自行研制的恒流式动态采样系统,分别使用固体捕集介质（高密度海绵）和液体捕集介质（硝酸溶液）采集地气样,并对比两种介质的采集效果。试验中分别对比分析了地气测量和其它放射性测量在隐伏铀矿勘探中的异同。结果表明:地气测量能够在地表反映出埋深超过900m的铀矿体的矿致异常;针对铀矿体,液体捕集介质的效果更优;地气测量与土壤热释光测量所反映的隐伏矿矿致异常分布具有较好的一致性;断裂对地气异常具有“积极”的影响,在铀矿体存在于断裂附近的情况下,通常会在断裂处形成高异常,在铀矿处形成次高异常。联合应用地气测量和土壤热释光测量在未知铀矿区开展隐伏铀矿勘探工作,工作区域覆盖面积32.6km~2。根据两种方法的测量结果绘制剖面曲线图及平面等值线图,结果显示测区西北侧主断裂带处整体呈地气高异常,控制范围长度约2.4km,宽度约300m。测区中部有两处呈块状的偏高异常场。热释光高值异常主要分布于测区北部及中部,而在断裂处无明显异常。根据两种测量方法的结果绘制综合异常分布图,结合根据已知剖面试验总结的规律,大致划分出具有较大隐伏矿找矿潜力的远景区。

In this study, long-term and continuous monitoring of atmospheric radon concentration, temperature, air pressure, and humidity was conducted at China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The impacts of temperature, humidity, and air pressure on radon concentration in the experimental environment were specifically examined, along with the potential interactions among these factors. Moreover, Radon data were denoised using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to reveal factors that might influence changes in radon concentration. The possible mechanisms by which these environmental factors influence radon migration have also been explored. This research not only provides new insights into the behavior of radon in underground environments but also offers important references for formulating effective radon management and protective actions. © 2024. The Author(s).

Many factors influence the accurate identification of radon anomalies triggered by earthquakes to varying degrees. Therefore, this paper primarily provides a comprehensive review of the various factors influencing radon concentrations over the past two decades. In addition to examining the individual effects of these factors on radon concentrations, it explores the interactions among multiple factors, particularly the correlations among radon anomalies and seismic events as well as the environmental context. This review mainly includes the classification of groundwater radon anomalies and their potential formation mechanisms, the environmental impact on radon concentrations, the effects of soil and rock structures on radon migration, and the application of machine learning in detecting radon anomalies induced by earthquakes. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

地面伽马能谱测量是铀矿勘查中最常用的方法，可直接测得地表铀、钍、钾等放射性元素含量。鹿井铀矿田是20世纪发现的大型铀矿富集区。鹿井西部铀矿勘查工作程度较低，为了探索鹿井铀矿田西部的资源前景，在该地区开展了地面伽马能谱测量。通过钍铀比、古铀量能谱特征参数，以及计算传统统计法、含量-面积法计算异常下限对能谱数据进行综合处理。结合地质背景，分析了研究区放射性元素含量及分布特征，总结了铀成矿与地质因素的关系，并圈定了放射性异常位置。研究结果表明，铀在后期发生了二次迁移富集，其成因是富铀热液的迁移与断裂构造和地层岩性接触面发生的蚀变作用，该地区主要控矿因素是断裂构造及其次级裂隙和地层的岩性接触面。经过能谱特征参数及铀、钍异常下限分析，预测了三片铀成矿有利区，为研究区下一步找矿工作提供了依据。

鹿井地区是我国重要的花岗岩型铀矿基地，相关研究表明该地区仍然存在很大的找矿前景。文章以鹿井东部地区为例，采用地面伽马能谱、地气、天然土壤热释光和土壤210Po等联合测量方法进行铀矿找矿勘查，运用PCA-KM联合分析方法进行综合异常识别，并结合地质资料对区内综合异常的分布特征、控制因素展开研究。结果表明，PCA-KM提取的综合异常可以有效反映已知铀矿化分布，降低综合解释多解性，能够将深部铀矿化、浅部铀矿化以及碱交代作用导致的放射性异常进行分离。区内综合异常与断裂构造、地层接触带以及碱交代作用关系密切；经综合分析，最终圈定了界坑东南部、黄峰岭东部、蛇坑东南部、鹿井-金鸡岭一带为成矿有利区。

放射性勘探数据具有采样不均匀、样本规模小以及明显的统计涨落等特征，Kriging插值法充分利用数据点之间的空间关联性以及数据空间场性质，减小采样不均匀性引起的数据误差。利用Kriging插值法对鹿井测区内多种放射性勘探数据进行处理，并对处理结果进行异常解释。研究结果表明：测区内放射性勘探数据具有几何各向异性，其变异函数模型多服从指数函数、线性函数以及块金效应函数中的单一或者联合形式；测区内桥子坑-高昔南缘一带可能存在中浅部埋藏的铀矿体以及金鸡岭、界坑一带很有可能存在中深部埋藏的铀矿体。