佛寺园林是岭南地区老年人普遍重视的生活、游憩与信俗空间，在审美活动情境下揭示老年人幸福感的影响机制，有助于佛寺园林审美环境优化，对促进老年人身心健康和提升幸福感具有重要意义。以广州市典型佛寺园林为例，采用结构方程模型，将恢复体验与积极情绪视为双中介变量，并创新性地增加地方依恋为单调节变量，建立包含“评价—中介—调节—结果”的关联机制模型，进而揭示佛寺园林审美活动参与度与老年人幸福感间的内在机制，结果发现：（1）佛寺园林审美活动参与度不仅对老年人幸福感有直接正向影响，而且可间接通过恢复体验与积极情绪的中介效应实现，间接效果更为显著，同时双中介变量的中介效果呈差异化特征；（2）恢复体验与积极情绪的中介作用皆受调节变量地方依恋影响，中介效应处于非恒定状态，与调节水平呈动态性关系，且存在极值范围，超出其值则不能达到显著性测试标准，导致中介作用消失；（3）地方依恋的调节作用可正向显著影响恢复体验对审美活动参与度的中介效应，进而提升老年人幸福感；亦可对积极情绪的中介效应产生负向显著调节，降低老年人幸福感。以期为岭南佛寺园林审美环境适老化的更新与升级提供新视角、新思路。

[目的]系统揭示广东省传统村落时空演变格局，深入挖掘其驱动因素，为推进集中连片保护和利用工作提供科学支撑。[方法]以广东省292个中国传统村落为研究对象，运用最近邻指数、核密度分析、地理集中指数、不均衡指数和标准差椭圆等GIS空间分析方法研究了传统村落的分布类型、分布格局、均衡情况、分布范围、分布重心和移动轨迹，并采用地理探测器探究其影响因素。[结果]（1）广东省传统村落在空间上呈聚集态势，局部集聚显著，整体格局为“大分散、小聚集”，表现为“大—中—小”核，西南疏，缺乏核心，东北密，圈层结构，沿古驿道及流域定居繁衍，呈带状分布。（2）广东省传统村落多形成于明代，从元代及以前至清代，其分布范围变小，方向性增强，分布重心、位置、地形和方向分别呈“西北—东南”“内陆—沿海—内陆”“平原—山地”及“西南—东北”走向。（3）广东省传统村落的形成与演化受地形、水系、人口数量、GDP、城镇化率、交通通达度、对外贸易、历史事件和民系发展等因素的影响比较显著。[结论]广东省传统村落空间格局与演变特征是自然、社会和人文因素交互耦合的结果，自然因素是形成底色，社会因素推动发展，人文因素是根本动力。

Under the dual pressures of rapid urbanization and intense human socioeconomic activities, habitat fragmentation and poor landscape connectivity have become critical issues in cities. Constructing ecological networks is essential for maintaining urban ecosystem health and promoting sustainable environmental development. It represents an effective approach to balancing regional economic growth with ecological conservation. This study focused on the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Ecological sources were identified using Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity assessment. Circuit theory was applied to extract ecological corridors, ecological pinch points, and ecological barriers. The importance levels of ecological corridors were classified to form an ecological network. The network was optimized by adding ecological sources, stepping stones, and restoring breakpoints. Its structure and functionality were evaluated before and after optimization. The results indicate the following: (1) The core area in Shenzhen City Area covers 426.67 km2, the largest proportion among landscape types. It exhibits high fragmentation, low connectivity, and a spatial pattern characterized as "dense in the east and west, sparse in the center." (2) Seventeen ecological sources were identified, consisting of 8 key sources, 5 important sources, and 4 general sources, accounting for 17.62% of the total area. Key sources are mainly distributed in forested regions such as Wutong Mountain, Maluan Mountain, Paiya Mountain, and Qiniang Mountain in the southeast. (3) Twenty-six ecological corridors form a woven network, with a total length of 127.44 km. Among these, 13 key corridors are concentrated in the eastern region, while 7 important corridors and 6 general corridors are distributed in the western and central parts. Few corridors exist in the southwest and southeast, leading to ecological flow interruption. (4) The optimized ecological network includes 12 newly added ecological source areas, 20 optimized ecological corridors, 120 ecological pinch points, and 26 ecological barriers. The maximum current value increased from 10.60 to 20.51, indicating significantly enhanced connectivity. The results provide important guidance for green space planning, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem functionality enhancement in Shenzhen City Area.

采用历时梳理与共时比较结合的方法，深入概述国内外风景园林美学研究现状，反思当前风景园林美学理论研究的哲学基础问题。提出尝试运用价值论美学的哲学观点对风景园林美的生成机制进行分析阐释，从而突破囿于风景园林审美对象及其审美属性的研究现状，梳理风景园林审美主体、审美客体、审美活动的复杂关系。研究认为：风景园林美并非预先存在，而是风景园林客体的审美属性与主体的审美需要在风景园林审美活动中契合而生的一种价值。风景园林美的生成机制包含三个关键因素：风景园林美来源于风景园林的审美属性，取决于主体的审美需要和审美趣味，产生于人对风景园林审的美活动之中。旨在为解决当代风景园林美学中哲学基础、审美对象、生成机制的统一提供一种理论视角，为多元发展的风景园林学科提供一种审美阐释的思路。

The acceleration of urbanization intensifies the urban heat island, outdoor activities (especially the road travel) are seriously affected by the overheating environment, and the comfort and safety of the bus shelter as an accessory facility of road travel are crucial to the passenger’s experience. This study investigated the basic information (e.g., distribution, orientation) of 373 bus shelters in Guangzhou and extracted the typical style by classifying the characteristics of these bus shelters. Additionally, we also measured the thermal environment of some bus shelters in summer and investigated the cooling behavior of passengers in such an environment. The results show that the typical style of bus shelters in the core area of Guangzhou is north–south orientation, with only one station board at the end of the bus, two backboards, two roofs (opaque green), and the underlying surface is made of red permeable brick. The air temperature and relative humidity under different bus shelters, tree shading areas, and open space in summer are 34–37 °C and 49–56%, respectively. For the bus shelters with heavy traffic loads, the air temperature is basically above 35.5 °C, and the thermal environment is not comfortable. During the hot summer, when there is no bus shelter or trees to shade the sun, the waiting people adjust their position with the sun’s height, azimuth angles, and direct solar radiation intensity to reduce the received radiation as much as possible, which brings great inconvenience to them. When only bus shelters provide shade, people tend to gather in the shaded space, and cooling measures such as umbrellas, hats, and small fans are still needed to alleviate thermal discomfort. However, the aforementioned various spontaneous cooling behaviors still cannot effectively alleviate overheating, and it is very important to increase auxiliary cooling facilities in bus shelters. © 2024 by the authors.

传统村落是文化遗产的活化石，集中连片整治能实现多元协同发展，利于统筹区域资源合理配置，凸显景观群风貌。为探寻传统村落景观群系划分的有效途径，以广东省传统村落为例，引入景观基因与文化地域性格理论，识别构成要素，构建相似性指标体系计算景观相似度，同时借助聚类方法划分景观群系，再提取群系基因，发现广东省共存在13个传统村落景观群系，各景观群系基因的意境营造与审美追求体现了风景园林美学中天人合一的审美理想、时空一体的设计思维、情景交融的意境内涵、有无相生的空间处理。在此基础上，结合群系特征、典型文化、流域分布与行政区划将广东省传统村落划分出13个景观区，并构建其图谱，在空间分布、流域分布和分布面积上皆存在2种变化与组合形式。传统村落景观群系划分实现了资源有效整合与联动发展，以期为新时代传统村落可持续健康发展提供新思路、新视角。

“潇湘八景”图像在泛东亚地区的国际传播中弘扬了中华优秀传统文化，其产生与摹写彰显了潇湘郊野观景认知的审美传统。王洪《潇湘八景图》是宋代文人诗意栖居观念的物质载体，提供了识别潇湘郊野游观空间的形象写照，以图中人物作为基点讨论“游观”活动，通过“人景互动”线索识别画作表现的江亭四望、立桥观景、卧船游观和隔岸眺览四类宋代文人郊野游观空间。总结宋代郊野游观空间的构景理法在于彰显点睛建筑空间的视觉逻辑、投射郊野风景意象的文化联想、建构风景动态演变的时空结构三个方面，体现了多层次郊野景观审美的嵌套关系。探索历史语境下传统郊野游观空间的发展逻辑，推动中国传统城乡风景营造经验的交流互鉴，有助于绘就美丽中国理念下整体景观建设的新图景。

In order to alleviate the increased habitat fragmentation caused by the accelerating urbanization and ecological deterioration, constructing ecological networks is an effective way to improve ecological connectivity, facilitate regional energy flow, and promote biodiversity enhancement. In this study, Yongtai County was taken as the research object, and the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) method was used to analyze the landscape pattern, identify the ecological source sites, classify the ecological source sites according to the importance degree by possible connectivity index (PC) and the Delta values for probability index of connectivity (dPC), and then construct the potential ecological corridors with the help of the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model to generate the ecological network, and then put forward the optimization strategy according to the current situation. The results show that (1) the core area of Yongtai County is 1071.06 km2, the largest among all landscape types, with a fragmented distribution, high degree of fragmentation, and poor connectivity, mainly in the east and southwest, and sparser in the middle. (2) The area of highest resistance value is mainly located in the built-up areas of towns and rural settlements in the central and northwestern parts of the country; the lowest value is distributed in the southwest and southeast, and the land use mode is mainly expressed as woodland. (3) The ecological network consists of 13 ecological sources and 78 potential ecological corridors. The ecological sources are mainly located in the east and southwest, with high connectivity; the potential ecological corridors are distributed in the form of a network, with fewer in the center, resulting in the phenomenon of ecological disconnection. (4) Lack of ecological sources and corridors, serious landscape fragmentation, and optimization of ecological network by adding and protecting ecological sources, repairing ecological breakpoints and building stepping stones. This study is of guiding significance for urban green space system planning, biodiversity protection, and ecosystem function enhancement in Yongtai County, and also provides reference for ecological protection and optimization in other mountainous cities.

古代惠州西湖风景是当地民众人居环境的重要组成部分，教化民众是其基本功能之一。通过综合风景与教化已有研究成果，指出古代风景教化研究中风景园林史与社会史交叉研究的内在理论关联和风景作为教化载体的类型特征是实现风景教化基本的研究问题。借鉴社会史研究的学术视野和理论方法，将惠州西湖风景教化载体划分为“自然开发对象”“社会仪式场所”和“艺术传播媒介”三种基本类型，并以当地民众为主体视角，提炼和阐释西湖风景教化载体生存主导、政教融合以及形式综合的基本特征。有助于揭示古代风景与民众生存生活的关系，理解风景教化功能的基础，为现代风景名胜的文化传播和培育发展提供一定的历史经验。

[目的]景观研究的多学科本质规定了景观特征的分类和识别存在不同的系统和方法。[方法]为确定主要的方法策略，通过系统性综述法对国内外57篇景观特征评估文献进行回顾。[结果]根据所应用的景观概念、客观程度以及评估过程中涉及的各类指标，划分出4种主要的评估方法类型:1强调直观、整体地解释景观诸多方面的整体性景观特征评估法;2揭示景观要素和属性的存在与变化梯度的生物物理景观特征评估法;3反映景观资源及其对人的视觉舒适性影响的视觉景观特征评估法;4探寻景观历史维度发展转变的历史景观特征评估法。[结论]4种景观特征评估方法之间存在实质性差异，没有任何一种景观特征评估方法可以适用所有目的。了解4种主要景观特征评估方法的方法学特性和优势，以评估目标为导向，综合考虑多种评估方法，加强优势互补，有助于实现中国景观特征评估体系和景观政策框架的构建。