In Japan, the 'Course of Study' established in 2016 emphasizes the importance of early introduction of English language and programming education in response to internationalization and globalization trends. Although numerous studies have explored the commonalities and teaching methods of foreign and programming languages, most have relied solely on surveys. This study aimed to examine the similarities and differences in 18 types of biometric data collected while learners of both languages were answering the similar sort of problem sets carefully created for English and a programming language. An analysis of three factors revealed no significant differences (all p-values > 0.05) in biometric measurements between the two types of languages. In addition, a detailed post hoc analysis showed that, although a significant difference in heart rate was observed, this difference was influenced by the problem category rather than the language type. Therefore, the well-established know-how of English learning may be applicable to programming learning. © 2025 IEEE.

In recent years, visual programming languages (VPLs), such as Scratch, have been widely used by programming beginners. Subsequently, learners often transition to text-based programming languages (TPLs), such as Java. However, a seamless transition between these two types of programming languages has not yet been effectively established. In this study, we experimentally demonstrated that students who utilized our proposed intermediate music content between learning VPL and TPL exhibited enhanced comprehension of the TPL. Our results indicate that students who engaged with intermediate content while transitioning from VPL to TPL during their high school years performed better in their first-year college programming classes compared to those who did not use such content. © 2024 IEEE.