In this paper, a novel wideband patch antenna array with improved isolation and corrected radiation patterns is proposed in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) at the X band. The relationship between the self-interference signal and emission waveform of ISAC is firstly analyzed to draw a conclusion that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is directly proportional to the degree of self-interference suppression when the emission waveform is determined across a wide bandwidth. Then, a wideband aperture-coupled patch antenna array with the dual-decoupling technique is introduced to improve the isolation from 8 dB to more than 23 dB within a large bandwidth better than 12.7%. To prove the feasibility of the proposed wideband decoupling scheme, the prototype is also fabricated, and measured. The measured results show good agreement with the simulation data, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed antenna in broadband ISAC applications. © 2024 IEEE.

2023年度，科研团队围绕年度科研任务开展了相关方面的研究工作，所取得的成果已达到年度科研任务要求，具体完成的任务，总结归纳如下:_x000D_融合芯片方面：融合芯片已完成顶层规划与芯片版图设计，包含通信、导航、雷达三个功能模块，仿真验证正确，目前正在流片排队中。_x000D_多频段多功能融合天线及多功能融合系统优化方面：设计了一种适用于感通一体化背景下的基于AiP的宽带高隔离同线极化同时同频全双工天线；提出了一种MIMO FMCW雷达接收通道动态配置的方法。该方法实现了对接收信息的信噪比的提高，在各种场景中实现了超过28dB的信号强度提升，从而提高了到达角度估计和目标定位的准确性；提出了一个新的与测距有关的分辨率模型和一个新的与测距有关的精度模型并提出了一种新的设计方法，可以指导受频率斜坡非线性影响的低频多波束雷达的设计。_x000D_融合样机及测试平台搭建方面：已完成基于商用芯片的通信、导航、雷达功能的样机设计及测试，功能性能能满足项目需求。基于融合芯片设计的样机是在基于商用芯片设计的样机基础上进行设计改进的，目前已完成样机的方案及原理图设计，待融合芯片设计验证成功后即可进行样机设计。已搭建起支撑通信、导航、雷达功能测试验证的测试平台，完成毫米波紧缩场系统建设。In 2023,the scientific research team carried out research work in related aspects around the annual scientific research task,and the achievements achieved have met the requirements of the annual scientific research task.The specific tasks completed are summarized as follows:_x000D_Fusion chip:The fusion chip has completed the top-level planning and chip layout design,including three functional modules of communication,navigation and radar,which have been verified correctly by simulation and are currently in the queue of streaming chips._x000D_In terms of multi-band multi-function fusion antenna and multi-function fusion system optimization,a wideband high-isolation co-polarization simultaneous full-duplex antenna based on AiP is designed under the background of sense-channel integration.A dynamic configuration method for receiving channel of MIMO FMCW radar is proposed.This method can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the received information and the signal strength of more than 28dB in various scenes,thus improving the accuracy of arrival Angle estimation and target location.A new range-related resolution model and a new range-related accuracy model are proposed,and a new design method is proposed,which can guide the design of low-frequency multi-beam radar affected by frequency slope nonlinearity._x000D_Fusion prototype and test platform construction:The prototype design and test of communication,navigation and radar functions based on commercial chips have been completed,and the functional performance can meet the project requirements.The prototype based on fusion chip design is a design improvement based on the prototype based on commercial chip design.At present,the scheme and schematic design of the prototype have been completed,and the prototype design can be carried out after the fusion chip design is successfully verified.A test platform has been built to support the testing and verification of communication,navigation and radar functions,and the construction of a millimeter wave contraction field system has been completed.

随着多模融合定位技术的发展，出于对感知定位系统精准度、面积与功耗的考虑，射频/毫米波定位系统趋向于多模态的融合化、集成化。本报告基于射频/毫米波融合芯片研究共性技术问题，分别对系统可重构实现、干扰和串扰影响消除、片上自校准实现、宽频多模全数字锁相环(ADPLL)实现五部分进行从理论到研究过程的详述。中科院微电子研究所承担融合系统的可重构实现及其串扰、干扰消除技术的研究。本年度进行了导航及通信模块收发机的进一步仿真测试；基于全双工收发机系统搭建自适应抗干扰模型，实现20~30dB的抗干扰效果；基于MIMO发射机，提出应用于CCC-DPD的Dual-Loop LS串扰消除算法，窄带信号情况下达到40dB以上串扰消除效果。厦大承担部分以实现片上自校准算法为出发点，基于宽带收发机以及RFID系统进行片上自校准算法对整体射频系统性能的校准改善。中科大承担超宽带低杂散全数字锁相环(ADPLL)型频率综合器技术研究。本年度完成了ADPLL芯片再版设计以及流片测试，芯片实测达到结题考核指标。With the development of multi-mode fusion positioning technology,and due to the consideration of the accuracy,area and power consumption of the perception positioning system,the RF/millimeter wave positioning system tends to be multi-mode fusion and integration.Based on the common technical problems encountered by the fusion chip,this report elaborates our theory studies to research processes in five parts:reconfigurable realization of the system,elimination the interference and crosstalk,on-chip self-calibration realization,and implementation a broadband multi-mode all-digital phase-locked loop(ADPLL)._x000D__x000D_IME of the CAS is undertaking research on the reconfigurable implementation of and its crosstalk/interference mitigations inside the multi-mode fusion system.During this year,we have conducted additional simulation and test on navigation receiver and communication transceivers.By constructing an adaptive anti-interference model based on a full-duplex transceiver system,we have achieved an anti-interference effect ranging 20~30dB.Based on Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)transmitters,we have proposed a Dual-Loop least square(LS)crosstalk elimination algorithm for crossover and crosstalk canceling-digital pre-distortion(CCC-DPD)architecture,demonstrating a disturbance elimination effect of over 40 dB in narrow-band signal scenarios.Xiamen University is contributing to the research,focusing on the implementation of on-chip self-calibration algorithms.These algorithms are applied to calibrate and enhance the overall RF system performance,particularly in broadband transceivers and RFID systems.USTC undertakes the study of the broadband and low-spurious ADPLL frequency synthesizer study.In the current year,we have completed the redesign and chip testing of the ADPLL chip,meeting the criteria of the final-term assessment._x000D__x000D

本报告总结介绍了国家重点研发计划项目《数字密集型射频/毫米波集成电路技术》于2023年的技术进展。本项目的技术进展主要分为如下部分。首先，射频/毫米波融合芯片共性技术方面完成了可重构、片上自校准、串扰/干扰自适应校准模型，并根据模型进行仿真，达到预设目标;ADPLL完成电路设计仿真，并对核心模块DCO进行了流片测试，满足预定指标。其次，通信、导航部分规划了顶层架构，包括芯片版图框架和形状规划、芯片管脚定义和串行外设接口(SPI)配置等；重点对极化数字发射机架构、低噪声宽带接收机架构以及多模多频导航接收机进行了研究，对收发系统链路进行建模仿真，并根据结果划分各子模块电路指标；完成通信、导航、雷达电路设计、流片与芯片测试。第三，融合收发机技术进展如下：从顶层设计了通信/导航/雷达功能融合的毫米波收发机并实现MIMO-相控阵架构复用，完成毫米波频段60GHz的雷达天线进行了仿真设计、加工、测试及性能优化；明确版图、寄存器、接口等顶层规划，进行了融合芯片内部电磁兼容性能仿真，现阶段的仿真结果表明，融合芯片可保证各自模块设计正常工作；融合样机演示系统设计仿真测试，该系统目前已实现通信、导航基本功能。项目将根据测试结果进一步整合通信/导航/雷达子电路，优化融合芯片以及演示系统样机的设计。This report summarizes the technical progress of the national key R&D project"Digital Intensive Radio Frequency/Millimeter Wave Integrated Circuit Technology"in 2023.The technical progress of this project is mainly divided into the following parts._x000D_Firstly,in terms of the common technology of RF/MMW fusion chip,the models of reconfigurable,on-chip self-calibration,crosstalk adaptive calibration are completed and the simulation results based on these models have reached the predetermined goal.ADPLL completes circuit design and tape out the core module DCO to meet the predetermined goal._x000D_Secondly,the communication,navigation and radar parts plan the top-level architecture,including chip layout planning,chip pin definition and SPI configuration,etc.These parts also focus on the study of polarized digital transmitter architecture,low-noise broadband receiver architecture,multi-mode multi-frequency navigation receiver,modeling and simulation of the transceiver system,and generating the circuit indicators of each sub-module according to the results.Complete design,tape-out and chip testing of communication,navigation and radar circuits._x000D_Thirdly,the development of the communication/navigation/radar multifunctional fusion chip from the top level is as follows:realization of the multiplexing MIMO-phased array architecture;processing and testing of the antenna in the millimeter wave frequency band are carried out;the top-level planning of the layout,registers,interfaces is completed,and the internal electromagnetic compatibility performance simulation of the fusion chip is carried out.The simulation results show that the fusion chip can ensure the normal operation of the respective module;the fusion prototype demonstration system has realized the basic functions of communication and navigation._x000D_The project will further integrate the communication/navigation/radar sub-circuits based on the test results,optimize the design of the fusion chip and the prototype of the demonstration system.

本报告介绍了课题三(数字化毫米波收发机关键技术)在2023年的技术进展。课题三的技术进展主要包括：从顶层设计了雷达毫米波收发机并实现MIMO-相控阵架构；完成雷达收发机电路设计、版图绘制与流片测试。本课题采用TSMC 22nm工艺进行制造，主要包括三个部分：接收机、发射机与本振信号发生器。接收机实现噪声系数(NF)小于8 dB,增益可调范围大于16dB,最大转换增益为37.9 dB,输入1dB压缩点为-8 dBm。发射机输出1dB压缩点为11.2dBm,饱和输出功率为14dBm,增益为36dB。本振产生电路实现雷达扫频功能，扫频带宽大于4.5GHz。This report introduces the technical progress of Topic three(Key Technologies of Digital Millimeter Wave Transceiver)in 2023.The technical progress of topic three mainly includes the following parts.Design a millimeter wave radar transceiver and the MIMO-phased array architecture from the top level.Complete the circuit design,layout and measurement of the radar transceiver.The proposed IC,implemented in 22 nm process,includes three parts mainly:receiver,transmitter and frequency synthesizer.The receiver achieves a noise figure(NF)of less than 8dB,adjustable gain range larger than 16dB,a maximum conversion gain of 37.9dB,and the input 1dB compression point of-8dBm.The transmitter achieves an output 1dB compression point of 11.2dBm,saturation output power of 14dBm,and gain of 36dB.The frequency synthesizer is designed to realize the radar frequency sweeping function with the frequency-swept bandwidth of 4.5GHz.

In this communication, a compact wideband dual-decoupling technique is proposed for wideband microstrip patch antennas (WMPAs) at the X-band. The wideband decoupling property is achieved by integrating the defected ground structure (DGS) and the coplanar inductance (CI) on the ground plane and patch layer, respectively. To validate the feasibility of the proposed method, both the aperture-coupled and probe-fed WMPAs with the proposed novel decoupling scheme are simulated, fabricated, and measured, respectively. An equivalent circuit and characteristic mode analysis (CMA) of this wideband decoupling scheme are developed to provide physical insight succinctly. Experimental results demonstrate that the poor isolation of the two proposed antennas has been improved from 6 dB to better than 20 dB with an extremely close edge-to-edge distance of 1 mm (0.033 λ0). The achieved decoupled bandwidths (BWs) are up to 17.6% and 22.2% for the aperture-coupled and probe-fed schemes, respectively. In addition, the proposed method has been extended to the decoupling of multielement antenna arrays, demonstrating its potential for large-scale wideband massive multiple-input and multiple-out (MIMO) applications. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

This article presents a novel 5.8-GHz ISM-band dual-circularly polarized (CP) simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) common-aperture antenna array (CAAA) for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in Internet of Things (IoT). A new near-field cancellation technique based on differential feeding and geometrical symmetry is proposed for dual-CP to realize high TX/RX isolation. In addition, a high-impedance surface is introduced to further improve the TX/RX isolation. Furthermore, the parasitic patches are added to enhance the gain and isolation bandwidth (BW). The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CAAA possesses the merits of high isolation (up to 67 dB), wide isolation BW (better than 40 dB for 240 MHz BW), high gains (up to 10/10.5 dB for right-hand CP (RHCP)/left-hand CP (LHCP)), wide 1-dB gain BWs (better than 230/350 MHz BW for RHCP/LHCP), and low-axial ratios (lower than 1.4 dB). The designed CAAAs are fully characterized and the experimental results meet the simulation very well. For the first time, systematic validations for both wireless communication and radar sensing have been thoroughly carried out by integrating the proposed CAAA in the custom-designed full-duplex radio system. The experimental results not only prove the validity of the design methodology but also the feasibility of employing the proposed CAAA for ISAC, which indicates potential applications in IoT era.

The ranging accuracy and range resolution in linear-frequency-modulated continuous-wave (LFMCW) radars are vulnerable to the nonlinearity of the transmitted frequency ramp. The frequency ramp nonlinearity (FRN) leads to the degradation of accuracy in range estimation and deteriorates the range resolution in LFMCW radars, which becomes even worse as the target range increases. The uncertainty of the type of FRN makes the problem more complicated. This article proposes a new range-dependent resolution model and a new range-dependent accuracy model based on the theoretical analysis and experimental evaluations, which characterizes the impact of different types of FRN on the range resolution and accuracy in LFMCW radars. The proposed models have established the quantitative relationship between the FRN, the target distance, and the range accuracy and resolution. A nonlinearity index is utilized in the analysis to quantify the extent of FRN. Moreover, a novel design methodology is also proposed, which may guide the design of LFMCW radars under the influence of FRN. Four typical types of FRN that are reasonable in practical LFMCW radars are taken into consideration in both simulations and experiments to validate the proposed theory and methodology.

A new receiver (Rx) reconfigurable method is proposed to enhance the target signal. After theoretical derivation and experimental verification, the proposed method solves the problem of poor signal-to-signal ratio (SNR) when using 60GHz MIMO FMCW radar for indoor positioning. The proposed method combines multiple original Rx channel data to form a new data channel, forming a new virtual antenna array. This method improves the SNR of the echo signal without affecting the estimation of the target angle. In the scenarios where the human body is standing or sitting, the SNR is improved by more than 28dB. The new data matrix is used to resolve the angle. Due to the improved target strength, the angle resolution accuracy is also improved compared with the traditional single Rx channel © 2023 IEEE.

Cardiogram is one of the most important factors for health assessment. As a new expression of cardiograms, the Doppler cardiograms (DCGs) detected remotely via Doppler radar sensor (DRS) provide rich details of the heart motion. However, the existing techniques for measurement of DCG requires that the subject holds his/her breath to avoid the disturbance caused by respiration. To realize the accurate detection of DCGs in the presence of respiration, a high-linearity K-band dc-coupled continuous-wave (CW) DRS with digital dc-tuning function was custom-designed and a novel parameterized respiratory filter (PRF) algorithm was proposed to precisely remove the respiratory signal. Both simulation and experimental results show that the proposed PRF algorithm has better DCG extraction performance than the conventional methods. Furthermore, the experimental results in normal and clinical environments show that the grained differential DCG (D-DCG) has promising potential in professional heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and heart diseases diagnosis, which means the proposed DCGs detection has the potential to be a convenient, comfortable, and reliable way for daily and clinical heart health assessment.