Cellular and Molecular Biology

项目来源

美国卫生和人类服务部基金(HHS)

项目主持人

ADKINS, RONALD

项目受资助机构

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

立项年度

2020

立项时间

未公开

项目编号

5T32GM007231-46

项目级别

国家级

研究期限

未知 / 未知

受资助金额

715827.00美元

学科

Health Disparities; Minority Health;

学科代码

未公开

基金类别

TRAINING, INSTITUTIONAL

关键词

未公开

参与者

VAN DOREN, MARK B

参与机构

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES

项目标书摘要:? DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant):This application represents the essential core of a unique and successful graduate program that emphasizes integrated graduate training and excellence in research along with opportunities for teaching, community outreach and career development. The Johns Hopkins graduate program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology and Biophysics (CMDB) has a long history of recruiting and training young scientists. It is funded by a single T32 grant which is currently completing its 40th year. Excellent students are recruited from a pool of outstanding undergraduates. Upon graduation, these students are among the top Ph.D. recipients in the country, winning national and international recognition for their work and moving on to a range of excellent postdoctoral and other opportunities. Many continue on the academic track and populate the faculty of leading colleges and universities, whereas others utilize their training to influence public policy, law, and other important fields. There are two main components to the training philosophy of the CMDB program. The first is a commitment to a broad but integrated training experience. Our training faculty represent a wide range of research interests, from highly quantitative, biophysical studies to modern developmental genetics, with strong molecular and cellular research in between. This diverse group of faculty and students is integrated by shared courses, seminars, retreats and collaboration. Students gain foundational knowledge in all disciplines through core courses and rotations before specializing in their thesis research. The second component of our training philosophy is that training a complete scientist involves more than just excellent training in the laboratory. We strive to train researchers who are also excellent communicators and educators, and support their involvement in the community at the local and national levels. Toward this end, we have expanded our training program to include development of our students' scientific communication and teaching skills, and we encourage students to engage the community through scientific outreach. This is an exciting time for the CMDB graduate program. New faculty hires in the associated departments are further enhancing the connections between the departments, and allowing us to introduce new areas of modern biology and genomics into our training faculty. These new hires will also allow us to significantly expand the number of graduate students that we train, and who are supported by this training grant. The present renewal application describes the gains we have made during the past grant period, and our plans move forward with a philosophy similar to what has already made our program a success - a dedication to a broad, interdisciplinary scientific training, an emphasis on creating scientist who are excellent communicators and educators who are actively engaged in their local communities, and a mission to recruit, nurture and promote excellence in the next generation of biomedical researchers.

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  • 2.Asymmetric Histone Inheritance in Asymmetrically Dividing Stem Cells

    • 关键词:
    • SISTER-CHROMATID SEGREGATION; DNA-REPLICATION; EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE;NU-BODIES; PCNA; CENTROSOME; CHAPERONE; CORE; CHROMOSOMES; MECHANISMS

    Epigenetic mechanisms play essential roles in determining distinct cell fates during the development of multicellular organisms. Histone proteins represent crucial epigenetic components that help specify cell identities. Previous work has demonstrated that during the asymmetric cell division of Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs), histones H3 and H4 are asymmetrically inherited, such that pre-existing (old) histories are segregated towards the self-renewing GSC whereas newly synthesized (new) histones are enriched towards the differentiating daughter cell. In order to further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking phenomenon, two key questions must be answered: when and how old and new histones are differentially incorporated by sister chromatids, and how epigenetically distinct sister chrometids are specifically recognized and segregated. Here, we discuss recent advances our under standing of the molecular mechanisms and cellular bases underlying these fund - one important biological processes responsible for generating two distinct cells through one cell division.

    ...
  • 3.Asymmetric Histone Inheritance in Asymmetrically Dividing Stem Cells

    • 关键词:
    • SISTER-CHROMATID SEGREGATION; DNA-REPLICATION; EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE;NU-BODIES; PCNA; CENTROSOME; CHAPERONE; CORE; CHROMOSOMES; MECHANISMS

    Epigenetic mechanisms play essential roles in determining distinct cell fates during the development of multicellular organisms. Histone proteins represent crucial epigenetic components that help specify cell identities. Previous work has demonstrated that during the asymmetric cell division of Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs), histones H3 and H4 are asymmetrically inherited, such that pre-existing (old) histories are segregated towards the self-renewing GSC whereas newly synthesized (new) histones are enriched towards the differentiating daughter cell. In order to further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking phenomenon, two key questions must be answered: when and how old and new histones are differentially incorporated by sister chromatids, and how epigenetically distinct sister chrometids are specifically recognized and segregated. Here, we discuss recent advances our under standing of the molecular mechanisms and cellular bases underlying these fund - one important biological processes responsible for generating two distinct cells through one cell division.

    ...
  • 4.m(5)C Goes Viral

    • 关键词:
    • MESSENGER-RNA

    In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Courtney et al. (2019a) find that HIV-1 genomic RNA has much more m(5)C than cellular mRNA. Deleting the m5C "writer'' NSUN2 decreases HIV-1 m(5)C levels, promotes translation of the HIV-1 5' gag gene, and alters splicing at the A2 site.

    ...
  • 5.Regulation of Drosophila germline stem cells

    • 关键词:
    • SPERMATOGONIAL DEDIFFERENTIATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; HEPARAN-SULFATE;POLYCOMB; DIFFERENTIATION; MAINTENANCE; CENTROSOME; MECHANISMS;DIVISION; CYCLE

    The asymmetric division of adult stem cells into one self-renewing stem cell and one differentiating cell is critical for maintaining homeostasis in many tissues. One paradigmatic model of this division is the Drosophila male and female germline stem cell, which provides two model systems not only sharing common features but also having distinct characteristics for studying asymmetric stem cell division in vivo. This asymmetric division is controlled by a combination of extrinsic signaling molecules and intrinsic factors that are either asymmetrically segregated or regulated differentially following division. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms guiding this asymmetric outcome, including extrinsic cues, intrinsic factors governing cell fate specification, and cell cycle control.

    ...
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