The efficiency of human-machine systems mainly constrains situational awareness in modern air combat. This study aims to investigate the effects of alarm types with spatial information (voice alarms, auditory icon alarms, earcon alarms) on pilot performance and cognitive workload at different alarm presentation rates (low, medium, high) in aircraft operations. Research findings suggest that alarm presentation rate and alarm type have no significant impact on flight performance, while reaction time decreases as the alarm presentation rate increases. When exposed to earcon alarms and auditory icon alarms, participants reaction speed significantly faster compared to voice alarms, with no significant difference between visual and earcon alarms. Furthermore, the study revealed that visual alarms impose a higher cognitive load on participants. These research conclusions can contribute to the rational design of sound alarm in future fighter cockpit systems. © 2023 IEEE.

The influence of several visual warning presentation techniques on attention during the fighter tracking task is examined in this research. Concentrate on analyzing the visual channel information form used in alarm systems, as well as how tracking tasks and alert reaction tasks are conveyed by this information. To investigate the ideal visual angle of separation (VAS) and flashing frequency of the visual warning information of the fighter tracking task, the tracking inaccuracy of the tracking task, the reaction time and response accuracy of the warning response task, and the subjective workload of the participants were measured. The pilot performs well in all areas when there is a visual saccade warning signal with a VAS of 10°; for minor warning content, when the VAS is at 20° or 30°,the flashing frequency of 5Hz will not result in a significant load experience, and interference with the primary task can enhance the performance of warning and attention. © 2023 IEEE.

In the design of digital interface of eye control system, interactive control is an important element, and it's convenience directly affects the operation efficiency of the system. In order to reduce the cognitive load of users in the process of eye movement interaction and improve the user experience of eye control system. An ergonomic experiment is designed to explore the input characteristics of gaze interactive controls. The main purpose is to determine the position advantages of the interactive controls. By comparing the scanning velocity between interactive controls, the priority order between interactive controls is obtained. It provides a scientific theoretical basis for the arrangement of the position of interactive controls in the eye control system interface design. © 2020 IEEE.

Traditional interactive approach which has been developed very mature has evolved from mouse control to many other forms. Eye controlled, as one of new interaction form, will help people with physical disability to manipulate devices as normal users. Meanwhile, because of its natural and high-efficiency, eye controlled system could be the future trend not only for the disabled but also ordinary people. This study proposed an eye controlled system frame to help researchers and designers to explore eye control system interface design because eyes are the only real-time input medium for eye control system. This study firstly analyzes and summarize the difference of eye-control system and traditional interface through surveys and literature reviews. Then according to the uniqueness of eye-controlled interaction, an eye control interactive logic algorithm is developed through the Tobii API combined with the Unity API. Experiments investigated the effects of color combination of icon on visual search performance were done based on the proposed system. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

By analyzing flight environments and HUD key information of fighter combat mission, based on the theory of color psychology and the regulation of the avionics system, this study simplified 10 kinds of typical flight environments and combined with 7 types of key information colors into 70 color schemes. Taking reaction accuracy and reaction time as performance indicators and testing participants' subjective feelings, to evaluate pilots' recognition ability of key information and general information with different color schemes in different flight environments, so as to provide the scientific basis for information coding design of flight HUD. The experimental results showed that the cognitive performance of the bicolor coding is significantly better than that of the monochrome coding by comparing the mean reaction time in various environments, and the cognitive performance of color schemes with the hue of 320 or 340 was better than that of other color schemes in most environments. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

In order to solve the problem of inadequate display of important information in the mission process, which leads to low cognitive of pilots, an HUD layout adaptive method based on flight tasks is proposed in this paper. Specific methods include the following steps: Dividing HUD interface according to function; classifying the pilot’s field of view; collecting the pilot’s eye movement data in the task phase and calculating sub-region’s interest value; gridding HUD interface; calculating fitness function; adjusting the layout according to rules, selecting the interface with the largest value as the final HUD output interface. This method can effectively improve pilots’ attention allocation and provide important reference for HUD interface layout. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.