针对基于稳态视觉诱发电位(SSVEP)的脑机接口系统,该文开展了屏显刺激界面元素尺寸和间距对识别效率和用户体验影响的工效学实验研究。该工效学实验使用红色正方形作为频闪刺激元素,刺激元素位于上、下、左、右等4个位置,自变量包含尺

Voluntary blink control is vital in eye-controlled human–computer interaction (ECHCI). Pressure sensors, known for their low power consumption and strong resistance to interference, are suitable for blink detection. Existing research has predominantly focused on sensor materials and signal processing, and studies on the characteristics and optimized design of voluntary blink actions in ECHCI remain relatively limited. Therefore, this study presents a blink detection system based on pressure sensors and investigates the efficiency of voluntary blink actions. We examined the effects of two independent variables, blink count (single, double, and triple) and blink side (bilateral and unilateral), on recognition accuracy and three time-related variables. Subsequently, the subjective workload and evaluation experiments were conducted for each blink action. The results indicate that the blink count has a more pronounced impact on interaction efficiency and comfort, with continuous blink actions exceeding three blinks not being recommended. Bilateral blinks were perceived as more natural and comfortable than unilateral blinks. Moreover, we discovered that the participants exhibited greater attentiveness and focus when performing double bilateral blink actions, making it suitable for important commands. Based on the experimental results, the top three recommended voluntary blink actions are single bilateral blink (SB), double bilateral blink (DB), and single unilateral blink (SU). Finally, a test involving controlling the movement of a toy car using the recommended blink actions validates the usability of the actions and detection system. These findings provide valuable guidance for the design and optimization of voluntary-blink interaction systems, further enhancing this interaction method's feasibility. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

Eye-tracking technology brings a different human-computer interaction experience to users because of its intuitive, natural, and hands-free operation characteristics. Avoiding the Midas touch problem and improving the accuracy of interaction are among the main goals of the research and development of eye-control systems. This study reviews the methods and limitations of research on avoiding the Midas touch problem. For typical control clicking operations with low fault tolerance, such as mode switching and state selection in an eye-control system, this study proposes Magilock, a more reliable control triggering method with a high success rate in multi-channel eye-control systems. Magilock adds a control pre-locked mechanism between the two interactive steps of eye-control channel positioning control and other interactive channel triggering controls in the multi-channel eye-control system. This effectively avoids incorrect control triggering caused by multi-channel coordination disorder and gaze-point drift. This study also conducted ergonomic experiments to explore the lock and unlock times of the control pre-locked mechanism in Magilock. Taking into account the experimental data and subjective evaluation of the participants, we recommend setting the lock time and the unlock time of Magilock to 200 ms.

In this study, we investigated how the size, speed, and trajectory shape of smooth-pursuit targets for Euclid's algorithm affect the ergonomics and usability of the gaze interface, and conducted a user study with 20 participants, examining the priority of five target sizes in circular and square trajectories, and the recommended speed for each size in the five target speeds. The usability of the SUS and ISO 9241 (acceptability and comfort) of the eye control system had been evaluated. Based on the experiment results, the design recommendations of the priority of the target size and speed of the circular and square trajectories, suggested trajectory shapes. The research is an important reference for the design and development of smooth-pursuit targets based on the Euclidean algorithm. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Eye-controlled human–computer interface (ECHCI) system is gradually becoming the focus of audience attention, owing to its humanistic, natural, and intuitive characteristics, which provide services for a wider range of user groups. We conducted a study on the ECHCI with "gaze locking + blink trigger" as the interaction method in the temporal dimension and the spatial dimension respectively and explored the optimisation of blink trigger actions. First, the optimal lock time of the interactive object (IO) was 650 ms, and a subjective evaluation experiment confirmed that the user's subjective feeling was consistent with the results of the ergonomic experiment. Second, the direction and distance of the visual drift of the blink action were investigated by increasing the locking range of multiple IOs. The results showed that the main direction of the line-of-sight drift for the blinking action was the upper-right corner. Furthermore, it was experimentally demonstrated that the line-of-sight drifted by a certain distance during blinking and that the system had the highest success rate when the locking range corresponded to a viewing angle of 21.074°. This study provides theoretical support for the application of multi-movement combinations in blink ECHCI, which enhances the user experience of blink triggering. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Single gaze gestures (SGGs), as the basic unit of gaze gestures, interact with graphical display objects (GDOs) on a graphical user interface (GUI) through user saccades to control the system. The brightness design of the interface and saccade direction can significantly affect interaction performance and user experience. Therefore, this study adopts the method of ergonomic experiments combined with subjective evaluation, proposing the design suggestions for the background brightness (BB), brightness contrast (BC), GDO (completion field) directions, and target brightness (TB) of the gaze gesture interface: (1) Background brightness: To ensure the efficiency and experience in actual use, the background of the interface should choose a brightness value slightly lower than 50%; (2) Brightness contrast: At 25% BB, it is advisable to choose a brightness value between 21.5% and 43.5%, and the best choice is 33.25%. Under the condition of BB above 50%, the brightness contrast value of 50% can meet the requirements of the operation task; (3) Target brightness: In the gaze gesture interface design, light color should be used to mark the target; (4) GDO Directions: The GDO should be placed on the upper side of the initiation field (IF), and it is best to be directly above the IF. The contribution of this research is the proposal of an interface design strategy that is beneficial for improving the performance and experience of gaze gesture interaction and can provide future directions and recommendations for interface design. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

The digital interface is crucial for nuclear plant operators, influencing their decision-making significantly. However, evaluations of these interfaces often overlook users' decision-making performance; lack established standards, typically occurring after the design phase; and are unsuitable for large-scale assessments. Recognizing the vital role of interface information, this paper built on our previous research and proposed a method tailored for nuclear power plant interfaces, utilizing image entropy to evaluate the impact of information on decision-making. A comparative analysis with an experimental evaluation method empirically validated the effectiveness of the proposed method. This research offers a unique decision-making-centric method to interface evaluation, providing a standardized, adaptable framework for various design phases and enabling extensive and rapid evaluations.

Human visual perception behavior in dynamic environments could be affected by the motion properties of stimuli. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of motion type, size, and speed of stimulus on visual search performance and visual comfort in both single-and double-target tasks. Twenty participants attended an experiment in which they finished two tasks at three speeds (low, medium, and high), in two motion types (flicker, uniform), with varied levels of stimulus size (small, medium, and large) on a display. The search time, accuracy, critical flicker frequency, visual comfort, and cognitive load were recorded to provide a comprehensive understanding of participants' visual preferences during the experiment. The results indicated the increasing speed would weaken participants performance on visual search tasks; Medium-sized stimuli were recommended considering search efficiency and cost-effectiveness; More impor-tantly, the present study also found that flicker motion led to better task performance in the low-speed task, due to increased alertness and lead physiological arousal effects, which may imply the past studies have overstated the negative effects of flickering in dynamic environments.