This study presents a comprehensive holistic investigation of water resource management in the Yushuquan and Yongxin coal mining areas of Xinjiang, China, addressing the critical challenge of balancing coal extraction and ecological preservation, especially in arid environments. Through systematic analysis of hydrogeological conditions, water level dynamics, and hydraulic migration patterns, the dense fracture networks, and burnt rock areas are identified as primary pathways for surface water infiltration, creating substantial water-related hazards for mining operations. The developed hydraulic model accurately represents the complex interactions among multiple water bodies, providing valuable insights into operational decision-making and long-term water resource management. Approximately 30% of atmospheric precipitation recharges underground aquifers through surface gullies and fractures, while the Kuqa River serves as an external water source. The burnt rock areas and goaf spaces function as natural groundwater reservoirs, with rapid replenishment occurring through these pathways following drawdown events. Based on these insights, a comprehensive water-conservation mining strategy is proposed, integrating scientific drilling designs for water redirection, controlled mining heights to protect upper aquifers, and surface water management systems to reduce infiltration. These approaches not only mitigate immediate water hazards, but also contribute to the establishment of stable artificial aquifers, offering a sustainable solution for coal mining in water-sensitive environments. This research provides a valuable framework for implementing ecologically responsible practices in similar geological settings, contributing to the sustainable development of China's western mining regions.(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ((sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)30%(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).Diese Studie pr & auml;sentiert eine umfassende und ganzheitliche Untersuchung des Wasserressourcenmanagements in den Kohlebergbaugebieten Yushuquan und Yongxin in Xinjiang, China, und befasst sich mit der kritischen Herausforderung, den Kohleabbau und den & ouml;kologischen Schutz, insbesondere in ariden Umgebungen, in Einklang zu bringen. Durch eine systematische Analyse der hydrogeologischen Bedingungen, der Wasserstandsdynamik und der hydraulischen Migrationsmuster werden die dichten Bruchzonennetzwerke und kalzinierte Gesteinsbereiche als prim & auml;re Wege f & uuml;r das Eindringen von Oberfl & auml;chenwasser identifiziert, was erhebliche wasserbezogene Gefahren f & uuml;r den Bergbau mit sich bringt. Das entwickelte hydraulische Modell bildet die komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen mehreren Gew & auml;ssern genau ab und liefert wertvolle Erkenntnisse f & uuml;r operative Entscheidungen und das langfristige Wasserressourcenmanagement. Etwa 30% der atmosph & auml;rischen Niederschl & auml;ge speisen die unterirdischen Grundwasserleiter & uuml;ber Oberfl & auml;chenrinnen und Br & uuml;che, w & auml;hrend der Kuqa-Fluss als externe Wasserquelle dient. Die kalzinierten Gesteinsbereiche und Abbauhohlr & auml;ume fungieren als nat & uuml;rliche Grundwasserreservoirs, die nach Absenkungsereignissen & uuml;ber diese Wege schnell wieder aufgef & uuml;llt werden. Auf der Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse wird eine umfassende Strategie zum wasserschonenden Bergbau vorgeschlagen, die wissenschaftliche Bohrkonzepte zur Wasserumleitung, kontrollierte Abbauh & ouml;hen zum Schutz der oberen Grundwasserleiter und Oberfl & auml;chenwassermanagementsysteme zur Verringerung der Versickerung umfasst. Diese Ans & auml;tze mindern nicht nur unmittelbare Wassergefahren, sondern tragen auch zur Schaffung stabiler k & uuml;nstlicher Grundwasserleiter bei und bieten eine nachhaltige L & ouml;sung f & uuml;r den Kohlebergbau in wasserempfindlichen Umgebungen. Diese Forschung liefert einen wertvollen Rahmen f & uuml;r die Umsetzung & ouml;kologisch verantwortungsbewusster Praktiken in & auml;hnlichen geologischen Umgebungen und tr & auml;gt zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung der westlichen Bergbauregionen Chinas beiEste estudio presenta una investigaci & oacute;n hol & iacute;stica exhaustiva de la gesti & oacute;n de los recursos h & iacute;dricos en las zonas mineras de carb & oacute;n de Yushuquan y Yongxin, en Xinjiang (China), abordando el reto cr & iacute;tico de encontrar un equilibrio entre la extracci & oacute;n de carb & oacute;n y la preservaci & oacute;n ecol & oacute;gica, especialmente en entornos & aacute;ridos. Mediante un an & aacute;lisis sistem & aacute;tico de las condiciones hidrogeol & oacute;gicas, la din & aacute;mica del nivel del agua y los patrones de migraci & oacute;n hidr & aacute;ulica, se identifican las densas redes de fracturas y las zonas en las que el carb & oacute;n ha sufrido combusti & oacute;n in-situ (calcinaci & oacute;n) como v & iacute;as principales de infiltraci & oacute;n de aguas superficiales, lo que crea importantes riesgos relacionados con el agua para las operaciones mineras. El modelo hidr & aacute;ulico desarrollado representa con precisi & oacute;n las complejas interacciones entre m & uacute;ltiples masas de agua, proporcionando valiosas perspectivas para la toma de decisiones operativas y la gesti & oacute;n de los recursos h & iacute;dricos a largo plazo. Aproximadamente el 30% de la precipitaci & oacute;n recarga los acu & iacute;feros subterr & aacute;neos a trav & eacute;s de canales y fracturas superficiales, mientras que el r & iacute;o Kuqa constituye una importante fuente externa de agua. Las zonas de roca calcinada y los talleres hundidos funcionan como embalses naturales de agua subterr & aacute;nea, que se recargan r & aacute;pidamente a trav & eacute;s de estas v & iacute;as cuando se produce una detracci & oacute;n. A partir de estos datos, se propone una estrategia global, minera, de gesti & oacute;n del agua. Esta estrategia integra, a partir de criterios cient & iacute;ficos, la perforaci & oacute;n de sondeos para redirigir el agua, profundidades de extracci & oacute;n controladas para proteger los acu & iacute;feros superiores y sistemas de gesti & oacute;n de las aguas superficiales optimizados para reducir la infiltraci & oacute;n. Estos enfoques no s & oacute;lo mitigan los riesgos inmediatos relacionados con el agua, sino que tambi & eacute;n contribuyen al establecimiento de acu & iacute;feros artificiales estables, ofreciendo una soluci & oacute;n sostenible para la miner & iacute;a del carb & oacute;n en entornos sensibles al agua. Esta investigaci & oacute;n proporciona un marco valioso para aplicar pr & aacute;cticas mineras ecol & oacute;gicamente responsables en entornos geol & oacute;gicos similares, contribuyendo al desarrollo sostenible de las regiones mineras occidentales de China

近年来，华北型煤矿区上组煤开采中受奥灰岩溶水影响的事件时有发生，威胁巨大，为此，以东滩煤矿为例，采用统计分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、氯碱指数等水化学研究方法对研究区地表水及各含水层进行了分析。结果显示：研究区地表及地下水整体偏碱性，水质受岩石风化作用影响为主，部分受到蒸发沉淀作用，大气降水对含水层的水化学性质影响很小；各含水层离子来源主要为硅酸盐、蒸发盐及碳酸盐风化及阳离子交换作用；东滩煤矿奥灰含水层与地表水、第四系、十四灰水力联系密切，侏罗系砂砾岩与3煤顶板砂岩含水层水力联系紧密；未来东滩煤矿开采过程中，一、三采区受奥灰影响较大，突水风险较高，十四采区次之，四采区受奥灰影响突水风险较低，需提前做好预防。

Accurately determining the favorable areas of geothermal resources and selecting the target positions of exploration wells are extremely important for exploration and efficient development. This study used the Pearson correlation coefficient and Gini gain to analyze five influencing factors related to the presence of economically viable geothermal potential. The evaluation model of the favorable areas was constructed by using different Machine Learning (ML) methods: Bayesian classifier (Bayes), Support Vector Machine, Bootstrap Aggregating (Bagging), BP neural network, Decision Tree and Logistic Regression classification. The quality of each model was verified by statistical evaluation indicators: Accuracy (ACC), F1 score (F1) and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC curve). The methodology was applied to the case study of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Due to the results obtained, all ML models showed strong prediction and classification performance on the target area selection of geothermal exploration, as evidenced by each model's metrics: the ACC was above 80%, the F1 was above 0.8, and the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) was greater than 0.85. The metrics obtained by the Bagging method were the highest. Finally, the results of the six ML models were combined to classify the study area's geothermal potential, which was consistent with the available information. This study provides a specific basis and technical support for applying the method in further surveys and campaigns.

以往差应变分析法（DSA）通过估算垂向主应力以求解地应力，使得该方法可靠性较差。基于岩石试样的Kaiser效应，结合差应变法，提出了一种基于Kaiser效应的地应力差应变测试方法（Kaiser-DSA法），并利用Kaiser-DSA法与应力解除法进行了对比，表明Kaiser-DSA法测试结果与应力解除法的测试结果相对误差小，且最大水平主应力方向基本一致；基于地应力测试结果，分析了窑街矿区地应力分布规律，探究了窑街矿区现今地应力场成因。结果表明：窑街矿区区域上受到了挤压构造应力场的作用，残余应力较高；受青藏逆冲推覆作用与F19断层的顺时针剪切作用，该区域地应力场以σH（最大水平主应力）>σv（垂向主应力）>σh（最小水平主应力）型的走滑型应力状态为主；此外，较高的差应力使得该区域回采时围岩体变形破坏严重，动力灾害事件频发。

The stress-dependent permeability (SDP) of post-failure rock is pivotal for mine goaf reuse and environmental protection. In this study, we employed a triaxial servo system to investigate the SDP of post-failure sandstone subjected to a mining-induced stress path. Initially, intact sandstone specimens underwent axial loading and confining unloading under various initial hydrostatic pressure, seepage pressures, and loading–unloading rates. Subsequently, the SDP and crack porosity were quantified by incrementally increasing the effective confining pressure to characterize how these properties evolve under different stress conditions. Notably, the induced crack patterns resulting from the loading–unloading stress path (LUSP) encompassed tensile dominated cracks, shear dominated cracks, and tensile-shear composite cracks, which exhibited dependence on the specific test conditions. Interestingly, the measured permeability and crack porosity of the anisotropic complex crack network exhibited less sensitivity to changes in effective confining pressure compared to that of single cracks and pore medium. This is likely due to the directional correlation between confining pressure and crack surfaces. Our experiments suggest that a power law provides a more accurate description of sandstone behavior post-failure under low uniform stress conditions than the exponential model. Gas permeability was found to be higher than water permeability, but within one order of magnitude. The sensitivity exponent of crack porosity ranged from 1.13 to 6.33, reflecting variations in crack morphology and complexity under different test conditions. © The Author(s) 2024.

以黄陇煤田招贤煤矿为例，提出了一种考虑主观决策、客观统计和变权理论修正的离层水害区域危险性预测方法。选取煤层厚度、含水层渗透系数、含水层厚度、含水层单位涌水量、含水层距煤层距离、含水层水头高度、构造、近场顶板岩层泥岩累计厚度等8个主要因素，在层次分析法（AHP）和熵权法（EWM）的基础上，使用变权法（VWM）对常权值修正，建立了招贤一采区离层突水危险性评价数学模型，得到开采前一采区离层突水危险性综合评价指标。结合招贤工程地质条件，采用地面抽排孔控制离层致灾水源。结果表明，本文提出的基于AHP-EWM-VWM的高位离层突水区域危险性预测方法可以较为准确地定位突水高风险区，综合权重评价结果表明，降低含水层水位高度是防控离层水害的关键措施；实际开展的地面抽排孔抽水有效降低了采区离层突水风险，证明本研究对侏罗系煤田离层水害有效防治具有良好的指导意义。

The assessment of the water-conducting fractured zone (HWFZ) holds significant implications for both environmental preservation and engineering safety within mining operations. To investigate the HWFZ of Cuimu coal mine, comprehensive in situ monitoring procedures were implemented, including water leakage tests and borehole video camera inspections to evaluate the overburden fracturing zone. A dataset comprising 26 sample sets collected from various mines in the northwest region was utilized to develop a multi-factor regression model, incorporating parameters such as mining height, working face width, and buried depth. Additionally, machine learning techniques were employed to enhance the predictive accuracy of the HWFZ. Subsequent analysis aimed to elucidate the inadequacy of traditional empirical formulas in predicting the HWFZ of Jurassic coal mines in the northwest region. Factors such as the sedimentary environment of the Ordos basin, the rate of quality drilling (RQD) of drilled core samples, and the characteristics of overburden structure were thoroughly examined. A bespoke strata subsidence model was then constructed to unravel the underlying mechanisms governing the evolution of the HWFZ. Findings underscored the efficacy of the proposed multi-factor regression formula and machine learning models in accurately forecasting the HWFZ within northwest mines. Notably, the stable sedimentary environment of the Jurassic coal seam contributed to higher RQD values and improved strata continuity compared to the Carboniferous coal seam. Insights from the strata subsidence model highlighted the significant impact of residual bulging coefficient on the HWFZ, offering explanations for discrepancies between measured and predicted HWFZ values based on traditional empirical formulas. This comprehensive investigation contributes to the precise prediction and enhanced understanding of the HWFZ within Jurassic coal seams in northwestern China. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

The characteristics of the geostress field significantly influence the rock burst, which is closely related to regional tectonic evolution. The characteristics and cause of the geostress field as well as the mechanism of rock burst in a coal mine were analyzed using the Binchang mining area (BCMA) at the southern Ordos Basin (OB) as the study area. The relationship between the current geostress field and tectonic evolution is discussed, and the effect of the regional tectonic evolution on rock burst is analyzed. The varying damage forms of rock mass in mines under different geostress field conditions are analyzed, and the energy failure criterion of rock mass under the conditions of this damage form is discussed. The results show that the evolution of tectonic movement affects the distribution characteristics of the current tectonic stress field in the form of non-inheritance and residual inheritance. The continuous compressive tectonic movement is one of the main reasons for frequent rock bursts in the study area. Under different stress field conditions, the rock mass failure is dominated by compression shear failure. The range of deformation and damage of surrounding rock is smaller under the reverse faulting stress state of geostress field compared with other states. It is found that the elastic energy storage limit of the rock mass had a quadratic function relationship with the confining pressure. With this, the general failure criterion and energy criterion of rock mass are modified, and proposed a parameter to evaluate the risk of mine geodynamic hazards. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

The assessment of Coal burst risk (CBR) is the premise of bump disaster prevention and control. It is the implementation criterion to guide various rock burst prevention and control measures. The existing static prediction and evaluation methods for CBR cannot be effectively combined with the results of underground dynamic monitoring. This study proposed a mining-induced seismicity information quantification method based on the fractal theory. Deep learning methods were used to construct a deep learning framework of coal burst risk (DLFR) based on the fractal dimension of microseismic information. Gray correlation analysis (GRA), information gain ratio (IGR), and Pearson correlation coefficient are used to screen and compare factors. Statistical evaluation indicators such as macro-F1, accuracy rate, and fitness curve were used to evaluate model performance. Taking the Gaojiapu coal mine as a case study, the performance of deep learning models such as BP Neural Network (BP), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and its optimized model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm under this framework is discussed. The research results' reliability and validity are verified by comparing the predicted results with the actual results. The research results show that the prediction results of CBR in DLFR are consistent with the actual results, and the model is reliable and effective. The mining-induced seismicity quantification can solve the problem of insufficient training samples for the CBR. With this, different pressure relief measures can be formulated based on the results of the CBR predictions to achieve "graded" precise prevention and control.Method to quantify mining-induced microseisms based on the Fractal theory.A deep learning framework for coal burst risk prediction.A new method for static predicting and evaluating the risk of coal burst areas was proposed.

The new Shanghai No. 1 Coal Mine is located in arid and semiarid area of northwest China, which is characterized by scarce rainfall, intense evaporation, and limited water resources. High-intensity coal mining has caused severe damage to groundwater resources. The Baotashan sandstone aquifer of the Jurassic system has abundant water resources, and they are stored in the floor strata of mining coal seams. This poses the risk of high-pressure build-up and water inrush hazards during the mining of coal. To avoid these, the Baotashan sandstone aquifer needs to be drained and depressurized, which can result in a huge waste of water resources. Thus, taking the New Shanghai No. 1 Coal Mine as the basis for the case study, the impact of coal mining on the underground water resources was quantified. Large-scale water release tests were performed under the shaft to determine the hydrogeological properties of the Baotashan sandstone aquifer and a three-dimensional numerical model of the groundwater system was established. The dynamic phenomenon of water drainage was simulated and the drained water discharge was predicted under the condition of safe mining. © 2023 by the authors.