Grass-planting Concrete (GPC) is a slope protection material with excellent flood control and ecological functions. However, its widespread application has been constrained by the high alkalinity and the lack of nutrients of its internal pores. Therefore, investigating the relationship between GPC alkalinity and plant growth characteristics is necessary and meaningful. In this study, trifolium was chosen as a typical grass species, considers GPC alkalinity, soil treatment methods, and nutrient types as influencing factors.It analyzes the changes in GPC alkalinity and soil alkalinity over time and focuses on investigates the growth characteristics and adaptive differences of trifolium before and after root penetrate GPC. Revealing the inhibitory pattern of plant growth by GPC with alkalinity variation. The results showed that (1) GPC significantly inhibited the growth of trifolium, especially before root penetration GPC, where leaf coverage, stem length, root length, root forks and root penetration ability were negatively correlated with alkalinity of GPC. However, after root penetration GPC, the inhibitory effect decreased significantly, especially root length and root forks increased by 3.4 and 4.6 times, respectively. (2) For GPC with surface-covered or internally-filled, the former requires pH© 2025

植草混凝土细观结构是影响混凝土抗压强度的关键因素，研究其物理化学性能，对植生型多孔结构的混凝土性能提升具有重要意义。本文通过对植草混凝土的Rapid Air 457孔隙结构测定、SEM电镜、XRD衍射、力学性能试验与分析，结果表明，硅灰石粉和粉煤灰显著优化了植草混凝土的细观孔隙结构，随着硅灰石粉和粉煤灰掺量的增加，细观孔隙含量分别降低至0.85%和0.22%，平均孔径均可以减小至80μm以下，并引起间距系数发生改变，进而促使植草混凝土的28d最大抗压强度分别提升至10.1MPa和11.3MPa；根据电镜和衍射试验结果，结合DES分析，发现植草混凝土中钙硅比（Ca/Si）减小，证实了两种掺合料的水化产物使得植草混凝土胶凝材料内部结构更加致密，并对植草混凝土抗压强度产生积极影响，填补了植草混凝土细观孔隙结构研究的空白。

In order to meet function requirements of slope protection and ecology for grass-planting concrete with a random porous structure, this study proposes two typical alcohol amines, namely, water-reducing agent modified triethanolamine (TEA) and diethanol monoisopropanolamine (DEIPA), as admixtures for the production of grass-planting concrete. The crystal structures, elemental ratios, and hydration products of cementitious materials with modified alcohol amines were investigated to explore their mechanism of action, reinforcement, and appropriate dosage. The compressive strength of cementitious materials and the spread of mortar made from modified alcohol amines were investigated to evaluate their impact on the compressive strength and workability of grass-planting concrete. The results show that modified TEA can more uniformly reduce the calcium-silicon ratio of the hydration products, leading to enhanced crystallization and densification at a dosage of 0.08%. At a dosage of 0.16%, modified DEIPA can effectively promote the hydration of tricalcium silicate and the secondary hydration of generated calcium hydroxide. The reduction in calcium hydroxide content resulted in an increase in strength. Both these amines enhance the bonding ability of cementitious materials. The spread of the modified cementitious materials is further improved, and suitable cementitious materials with a low water-cement ratio can be obtained for making grass-planting concrete to create uniformly wrapping coarse aggregates with the cementitious material. Modified TEA and modified DEIPA significantly increased the 28-day compressive strength of cementitious material by more than 104%, and the improvement effect of modified DEIPA was significantly better than that of modified TEA. The modified alcohol amines show great potential for practical application in production. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

河岸是水陆生态系统的过渡带,其生态效果影响着河流的可持续发展。传统的硬质护岸形式会隔断河道生物、微生物等与陆域的接触,从而破坏河流生态环境。植草混凝土作为一种新型生态材料,具有透水性强、抗冲刷性好、植被覆盖率高等特点,而在护岸中得到应用。其内部孔结构特征不仅影响混凝土强度,还直接影响植物的生长。因此,深入研究植草混凝土孔结构及其对草本植物根系构型的影响,在植草混凝土制备、结构设计及工程应用上具有重要意义。本文利用体积法对植草混凝土配合比进行设计,以水灰比和目标孔隙率为变量进行正交实验。通过物理力学试验、CT扫描试验、植生试验,揭示了植草混凝土物理力学性能之间的关系和孔结构对草本根系构型的影响,利用ABAQUS对植草混凝土进行三维仿真模型和有限元模型构建,分析了力学与孔隙率之间的关系,具体结论如下:（1）植草混凝土抗压强度值随着目标孔隙率的增大而减小,呈负相关性,随胶凝材料用量增大而增大,呈正相关关系;有效孔隙率与胶凝体总量、干容重、抗压强度均呈负相关关系。（2）通过CT序列图像分析,混凝土孔隙面积在10~100 mm~2范围内数量最多,占孔隙总数30%以上,随着孔隙率的增大,总孔隙数减小,且大面积孔隙数量增多。通过提取物质,建立了植草混凝土三维有限元模型,以此计算其全孔隙率并证实其有效性,在弹性模量、泊松比、约束、荷载等一定的条件下,最大应力到达10 MPa时,混凝土位移距离随有效孔隙率的增大而减小。（3）通过根系构型参数分析,植物在植草混凝土中生长时,会在一定程度上影响根系长度,而根系的直径会增大且根尖数增多,使得植株能够在植草混凝土中生长正常;以狗牙根为例,当植草砼厚度相同时,随着有效孔隙率的增大,根系总根长、总表面积、根尖数都会随之增大,而根系最大长度、平均直径、总体积会呈先增大后减小;当目标孔隙率相同时,随着混凝土试块厚度的增大,根系最大长度及根尖数受影响而减小,其他构型参数在厚度变化时受影响不明显。

河道管养能够有效提高河道的水环境质量，恢复河道的自然功能，改善河岸周边的生态环境。城市河道管养等级划分对河道运行管理、民生需求与城市经济发展有着重要的现实意义。以南昌市典型河道为例，选定了城市河道管养划分的关键指标，将河道的自然属性、社会属性、功能属性等3个因素作为准则层，河道的流域面积、污染指数、植被覆盖度、所处区域、防洪排涝功能、灌溉功能、航运功能、旅游功能等8个指标作为指标层。基于层次分析法，建立了河道管养等级综合评价模型，确定了河道管养划分指标权重系数，获得了研究区典型河道管养等级划分图，为指导城市河道管养等级划分提供参考。

As a kind of material used in river revetments, the revetment concrete blocks are required to have satisfactory strength, scouring resistance, and good vegetation coverage. In this paper, prefabricated grass-planting concrete blocks that are suitable for the ecological revetment of medium and small-sized rivers are proposed and innovatively designed. The blocks are made with concave and convex structures of random porous concrete material, which can be jointed and inlaid to form a three-dimensional slope with vegetation function. The performances and advantages of prefabricated grass-planting concrete are evaluated. Four kinds of precast blocks are proposed. The flow velocity reduction, soil conservation, and scouring resistance of these blocks are analyzed quantitatively through physical modeling and field application. The results show that the four blocks can effectively reduce the near-shore flow velocity and decrease the level of scouring on the slope surface. The rate of scouring reduction of the different prefabricated blocks placed on the slope was in the range of 35%-43%; thus, the results were similar. Through application on a riverbank, this concave-convex revetment structure shows excellent improvement in scouring resistance and soil conservation, with average vegetation coverage up to 95%. Prefabricated grass-planting concrete blocks can be used as riverbank revetment materials.

为揭示根土物质之间的复杂关系，明晰植物根系提高土壤颗粒粘聚力和阻抗或延缓因水力侵蚀而使土壤颗粒分离的双重作用机制，本研究选择广泛应用于水土保持的高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）为代表性植物，播种于红壤、高岭土和河沙3种生长基质内，对根土复合体进行物理化学测定、水力冲刷和抗剪强度试验。结果表明：1)根系因子中的根长密度、根表面积密度、根体积密度极显著正相关（P ＜0.05）。2)不同深度的土壤抗冲性有较大差异，0-2 cm土层深度的抗冲性远远大于其他土层，抗冲性能大小排序为表层＞次底层＞次表层＞底层。3)每30 cm~2土壤播种量为60粒的根土复合体粘聚力高于30粒播种量，且其土壤抗冲性也是最强的。4)根土复合体提高了土壤分离的耗时与冲刷水量或能量消耗，薄层水流作用的第2分钟显著延长了剥蚀时长和耗时（P ＜0.05），显著增加了冲刷水量（P ＜0.05），极显著增加了能量消耗（P ＜0.01）。研究结果为根系固土降低土壤分离机制地研究提供了新的科学参考依据。

通过试验研究不同密度铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)对苦草(Vallisneria natans)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)生长及水质的影响。试验结果表明:铜锈环棱螺的存在显著促进了沉水植物的生长,高密度组苦草和金鱼藻的相对生长率分

涉水多层地质结构岸坡在河流动力、水位升降等耦合作用下,坡体不同位置的岩土体受力不均,极易发生变形破坏,对岸坡工程安全运行及河道环境治理影响较大。以长江瑞昌段梁公堤段为例,该工程是由黏土、砂性土、基岩组成的多层岸坡结构,通

山洪灾害严重制约着山地旅游景区的可持续发展,其风险区划对景区灾害防治具有重要意义.本文以庐山景区为例,通过调研、数据采集与分析,构建了景区山洪灾害风险评价体系,采用层次分析法对景区山洪风险进行了区划.研究结果表明:以汛期多年月平均降雨量、最大24h降雨量、水系缓冲区、坡度、坡向、高程、岩土体类型、断裂构造、植被覆盖指数、灾点密度等10个指标作为危险性评价指标,以旅游景点、上山道路、山顶公路、旅游线路、建筑物等5个指标作为易损性评价指标,形成了山区旅游景区山洪灾害风险评价体系;采用层次分析法获得了各评价指标权重,基于ArcGIS对评价指标进行空间叠加分析计算,得到了庐山风景区山洪风险区划分级图.经验证,该区域风险区划结果与实际调研数据吻合;研究区域中、高风险区面积占比约16.50%,低风险区占比约39.01%.研究结果为该区域山洪灾害防治提供数据支持,也为其它山地旅游景区山洪风险等级划分提供借鉴.