在环境可以影响人的健康的观念达成共识,慢行系统被大力提倡的背景下,为促进我国慢行系统的建设,使慢行环境更好地发挥健康效益,对闻名于世的德国巴特·沃里斯霍芬小镇的慢行环境进行了详细解读,具体包括慢行环境中健康氛围的营造

The natural environment plays a good role in guiding people’s psychology.The topic of rehabilitation landscape has increasingly become a hot topic studied by many scholars.In the environment that home-based elderly c

自然环境有助于提升个体认知,而自然度是环境的一项重要特性。本研究从视觉感知自然度的视角,探究不同视觉感知自然度的水景对个体认知的影响,并尝试通过实验验证如下假设:1)不同自然度水景的主观恢复力存在差异;2)不同自然度水景对于工作记忆的影响有所不同。通过将被试随机分配到高自然度水景、中自然度水景、低自然度水景三个实验组及对照组,本研究采用知觉恢复力量表和恢复结果量表反映环境主观恢复力;运用活动记忆正确率、转换代价、Stroop任务指标反映被试个体工作记忆水平。依据研究过程中所得的不同自然度水平水景的特点和实验结果显示出的不同自然度水景所产生的认知效益特点,本文对指导景观设计实践的资源利用、资金投入等方面,以及人们以不同目的游览水景提供以下建议:1)在资金、生态等条件允许的情况下,应考虑建设水景,发挥其认知效益;2)以高主观恢复力、增强中央执行系统抑制功能为目的时,可优先选择高自然度水景;3)以较高主观恢复力、增强中央执行系统刷新功能为目的时,可优先选择中自然度水景;4)以注重提高注意力恢复水平,提高中央执行系统转换功能为目的时,可优先选择低自然度水平水景。

＜正＞健康是当今时代的主题,慢行系统促进健康的功能已得到公认。德国巴特沃里斯霍芬作为历史悠久的疗养小镇,其慢行系统在布局和使用方面趋于成熟。该慢行系统布局合理,与其他交通衔接顺畅,步行和骑行线路的沿线景观丰富多样、长度、耗时、难度等各不相同,其使用方式、使用线路、使用途径等满足了多种健康需求。本文剖析了巴特沃里斯霍芬慢行系统的布局和使用,

自然环境能够促进人的身心健康已经得到众多研究的证明，水体积极作用也曾被证实。而目前不同类型的水体在不同自然度水平上，对人身心健康的影响规律尚未有针对性的研究。本项目从视觉感知的角度出发，以水体自然度对人身心健康的影响规律为研究对象，具体内容包括：不同类型水体视觉感知的自然度水平研究，水体自然度对人身心健康的影响规律研究，以及影响人水体自然度视觉感知的类型和元素规律三个方面。研究利用图像问卷法，揭示不同类型水体自然度水平的规律；通过实验法、量表法，探索不同水体视觉感知自然度对人身心健康的影响规律；通过眼动分析法、问卷法、推断人水体自然度视觉感知的类型和元素规律。研究发现各类型的水体都可以具备高中低三个自然度水平，而喷雾喷泉、瀑布跌水的自然度占比偏高。在情绪方面，客观生理上，水体的干预效果不明显，仅存在中自然度水平的水体在降低收缩压时，更加优于低自然度水平水体的可能。主观心理上，所有水体都可以显著改善总情绪紊乱指数TMD,及生气A、困惑抑郁C-D的状况。高自然度水平的水体对于活力V的提升效果显著，中、低自然度水平的水体对于困惑抑郁C-D的效果更加显著。在认知方面，主观而言所有水体图片都能够使人明显的获得放松与平静、远离、魅力和兼容的感受；低自然度水体组在注意力恢复和清楚思维维度表现最为优秀，其次是高自然度水体组；高自然度水平的水体在远离和延展维度表现突出。客观而言，中自然度水平的水体对活动记忆正确率有积极促进作用，有利于促进大脑的刷新功能。眼动数据和问卷调查的结果显示出人们最偏爱海洋的水体类型，其次是池面湖面、瀑布跌水；人们对于植物的总体关注度较高，对于建筑的集中度和首次关注度较高，其次是石、天空、山。本项目的成果，有助于为建设健康环境提供在水体环境方面的理论支撑，有助于公众更好的利用水体促进健康，有助于投资者、管理者更好的调配资源、建设水体。

Thirty-six patients with high anxiety were recruited. The subjects were divided into working memory training group and control group in a voluntary and random manner, with 18 individuals in each group. The training group was trained for 21 days of working memory, and the control group was not trained for working memory. The subjective emotion ratings and the ERP indicator late positive potential (LPP) of the two groups of participants were recorded, under three experimental conditions (watching negative images, cognitive reappraisal, attentional distraction). It was found that the LPP amplitude reduction was significantly higher for training group than control group specifically in the condition of cognitive reappraisal. This study showed that working memory training can improve the ability cognitive reappraisal and can be a potential intervention for promoting the emotional regulation of individuals with high trait anxiety.

To explore the effects of different types of forest environments for forest therapy, this study focused on forest resting environments. Seven representative forest resting environments found in field research in Beijing were used as independent variables and were shown to subjects by a virtual reality (VR) video. Stress level was used as the dependent variable, and blood pressure, heart rate, salivary amylase, and the Brief Profile of Mood States (BPOMS) were used as physiological and psychological indicators. A between-subjects design was used in the experiment. A total of 96 subjects were randomly assigned to each environment type, and only one type of forest resting environment was observed. Through the relevant sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance, the pre- and post-test data of the indicators were analyzed. This study found that all the seven different types of forest resting environments can produce stress relief effects to some extent. Different types of forest resting environments have different effects on relieving stress. The most natural environment does not have the most significant effect on stress relief. A water landscape has a positive effect on the relief of stress. The conclusions of this study are conducive to the better use of the forest environment for forest therapy services.

The environment can affect people's health by relieving stress, and rural landscape as a special environment might influence human's stress relief. This study takes different types of rural landscapes as the research object to explore their impact on stress levels, which are shown by photos. As an independent variable, the rural landscape is divided into three levels: Type 1 (natural landscape), type 2 (productive landscape), and type 3 (artificial landscape). Seventy-three subjects were randomly assigned to each type of rural landscape. Salivary cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate, and a subjective rating state scale (brief profile of mood states, BPOMS) were used as indicators of stress. At the same time, the influence of preference and familiarity on the stress relieving effect was also discussed. A paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used as the main statistical methods. In the results of t-test for pre-posttest, significant difference was observed in high blood pressure, heart rate, and total mood disturbance (TMD) of type 1 and type 2, and the high and low blood pressure of type 3; ANOVA analysis revealed that for the difference of pre-posttest, significant difference was observed in the TMD value among the three types; except for type 3, blood pressure, heart rate, and BPOMS values were significantly affected by preference and familiarity. The conclusions include the following: The three types of rural landscapes have a positive effect on relieving stress; the productive landscape has the best effect on relieving stress; and users' landscape preferences and familiarity with the environment can affect the effect of stress relief in rural landscapes.