Soft magnetic materials are widely used in inductors, transformers, and magnetic sensors. Probing their fundamental properties is therefore crucial to gain insights into improving their static and dynamic magnetic behavior. Herein, we report results on iron-gallium-boron (FeGaB) thin films grown on Si substrate using magnetron co-sputtering. Systematic investigation was carried out to examine the influence of sputtering process parameters on tuning the structure and magnetic properties of FeGaB thin films. By precisely controlling FeGa and B targets’ sputtering power, optimal (Fe1-yGay)1-xBx films were realized that exhibit excellent magnetic softness (Hc ∼ 6-11 Oe), and a remarkably low effective Gilbert damping (αeff ∼ 0.009-0.015). Furthermore, ultrafast magnetization dynamics characterized using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) revealed slow relaxation times of the excited magnetic state in the FeGaB thin films. Collectively, these results confirm that the developed FeGaB thin films have promising high-frequency applications including magnetic sensors. © 2026

Pulsed magnets in the US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (MagLab) use rectangular cross-section Cu matrix composite conductors. The strongest of these conductors incorporate various combinations of Cu reinforced by Nb-fibers. The slip systems of Cu and Nb are markedly incompatible during deformation because Cu has a face-centered cubic structure while Nb has a body-centered cubic structure. In order to reach the level of strength that we required in our conductors, Cu-Nb was subjected to especially high levels of deformation strain. This high strain level, in combination with the aforementioned incompatibility of deformation systems, resulted in very high internal stress within both Cu and Nb that greatly affected the future deformation behavior of the resulting Cu-Nb conductors, as reflected in the stress-strain curves generated by our tests, particularly the cyclic loading tests. At cryogenic temperatures, the thermal expansion difference between Nb fibers and Cu matrix added additional internal stress in the resulting conductors. We studied the mechanical deformation behavior of Nb-fiber-strengthened Cu under cyclic loading, and we examined the relationship between the microstructure of these conductors and their deformation behavior.

REBCO coated conductor has great potential to be used in ultra-high field magnets. Commercial REBCO tapes are strong in the longitudinal direction but prone to delamination by tensile stress in the thickness direction. For high field magnet applications, it is crucial to characterize delamination strength of REBCO conductor and better manage the electromagnetic stress. In this work, the electromagnetic stress in high magnetic fields by screening current is used to study the delamination behavior of commercial REBCO tapes. Screening currents are induced in REBCO by either ramping field or rotating sample in magnetic fields up to 35 T. The results of delamination strength are presented. The prospect of using this method for quality assurance in large magnet projects is discussed.

Bacterial mineralization and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lake sediments are central to carbon burial and biogeochemical cycling. However, the vertical patterns and underlying ecological mechanisms of their interactions in eutrophic plateau lake sediments remain poorly understood. Here, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were combined to analyze a 63-cm sediment core from Lake Dianchi. Based on Bray-Curtis distance, the core was stratified into three stages (S1: 1–15 cm, S2: 16–46 cm, S3: 47–63 cm), revealing synchronous vertical succession of bacterial communities and DOM composition. Bacterial α-diversity decreased significantly with depth, while dominant taxa shifted from nutrient-preferring phyla Bacteroidota and Planctomycetota to substrate-specialized Chloroflexi and genus Comamonas . DOM transitioned from CHOS- to CHON-dominated molecules, with increased O/C ratio, AI_Mod, and decreased MLBL, indicating enhanced recalcitrance. Despite this coupling, assembly processes of bacterial communities and DOM were decoupled: bacterial community assembly was primarily stochastic, whereas DOM assembly was deterministic. Cross-component co-occurrence networks revealed a depth-dependent shift from negative correlations in surface and middle sediments to predominantly positive correlations in deeper sediments. Variation partitioning analysis highlighted a strong bacterial feedback: bacterial communities alone explained 21.8 % of DOM composition variance, far exceeding the contribution of environmental factors (4.1 %), underscoring bacterial metabolism as a key driver of DOM. Notably, the O/C ratio emerged as a key indicator associated with DOM-bacteria coupling strength. Our findings highlight the role of DOM-bacteria feedback in driving recalcitrance of sedimentary carbon pools in eutrophic plateau lakes. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd.

Ultrahigh-field solid-state NMR in the GHz frequency range has opened new frontiers for probing complex, heterogeneous biological systems with unprecedented spectral resolution. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of a 1.5 GHz (35.2 T) NMR spectrometer for cellular solid-state NMR by quantitatively assessing 13C linewidth improvements in intact, living fungal cells of Aspergillus fumigatus . High-quality 2D13C-13C correlation spectra were acquired within 2-5 h, showing consistent linewidth narrowing of 0.05-0.15 ppm under idealized conditions and exceeding 0.2 ppm under realistic, power-limited running time constraints relative to 800 MHz. The resolution gains are especially pronounced for overlapped and inhomogeneously broadened resonances in multidimensional correlation experiments and are most significant in power-demanding recoupling experiments where acquisition times must be shortened. These improvements enable the resolution of extensive previously inaccessible spectral multiplicity and structural polymorphism in cellular carbohydrates such as chitin and α-1,3-glucan, while substantially reducing experimental time relative to lower-field approaches. These results illustrate the potential advantages of ultrahigh-field solid-state NMR for improving spectral resolution in complex cellular materials and emphasize the importance of continued development of computational and analytical approaches to effectively interpret the increasingly information-rich spectra obtained at these fields. © 2026 Elsevier Inc.

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is a substantial yet under-managed component of aquatic nitrogen cycling, whose transformation in nature-based biogeochemical processes and engineered systems depends on molecular composition, lability, and hydrologic forcing. This paper presents the unique distribution of DON lability classes (labile, semilabile, or refractory) across fate and transport processes (removed, produced, retained) over ten sampling events in a field-scale water filtration system, linking them to molecular descriptors, thermodynamic properties, and Kendrick mass defect (KMD) connectivity. This field-scale water filtration system contains two green sorption media (specialty adsorbents) and they include zero-valent iron and perlite-based green environmental media (ZIPGEM), and a clay-perlite with sand sorption media (CPS). ZIPGEM retained predominantly refractory DON formulas (60-85%) but produced a more labile effluent pool (40-70%, the percentage of DON molecular formulas), revealing an internal molecular cycle in which aromatic and condensed DON are reconfigured into reduced, aliphatic by-products. This internal cycling was corroborated by saturation-redox zoning: retained formulas clustered within oxidizing-saturated domains, whereas produced formulas were enriched threefold in reducing-saturated regions. CPS, by contrast, exhibited labile-dominated removal and semilabile production with minimal redox partitioning. Seasonal changes further modulated these dynamics-within ZIPGEM, produced DON formulas declined from 62.1% (dry season) to 44.1% (wet season) as retained refractory DON molecular formulas increased by similar to 8%, coinciding with net ammonium release (-83% removal percentage) in wet season. KMD-resolved homologous sequences and tiered cycling statistics (244 internal loops, with first-level cycles of up to 33 molecules) indicated extensive redox-coupled molecular reconfiguration within ZIPGEM. Collectively, these results show that DON transformation in green sorption media is governed by hierarchical internal cycling, driven by redox-saturation interfaces and seasonal forcings, which together control the coexistence of bioavailable and refractory nitrogen in treated effluents.

Diverse quantum phenomena have been observed in TSn4 transition metal (T) stannides, including superconductivity, nontrivial topology, and large magnetoresistance (MR) at low temperatures. Here, we report the experimental and theoretical investigation of tetragonal beta-IrSn4 (space group I41/acd) with the lattice parameters a = 6.362(3) & Aring; and c = 22.723(0) & Aring;. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity indicates that beta-IrSn4 is a good metal with Fermi-liquid behavior above the superconducting transition at Tc similar to 0.7 K. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate it is non-magnetic. However, positive transverse MR with linear field dependence is observed. At T= 2 K and Mu 0H = 14 T, the MR reaches 700% without sign of saturation. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations are observed from proximity detector oscillator measurements up to 60 T. We experimentally extract several frequencies, and through comparison to first-principles calculations, identify corresponding electronic bands. For H // c, two strong oscillations, F1 approximate to 109 and F2 approximate to 302 T, allow us to determine effective masses 0.266m0 and 0.300m0 (m0 is the free-electron mass), respectively. The topology of these bands is discussed.

Commercially viable all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) rely on solid electrolytes (SEs) that combine high ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, low cost, and scalable production. Here, we report a series of rare-earth-free solid electrolytes, Li2ZrSCl4-xBrx (0 <= x <= 4), synthesized via a rapid, energy-efficient mechanochemical route. The optimized composition, Li2ZrSCl1.3Br2.7, exhibits an ionic conductivity of similar to 1.03 mS cm-1, one order of magnitude higher than Li2ZrCl6. Structural and morphological analyses using XRD, SEM/EDS, and 6Li MAS NMR reveal that progressive Br- substitution drives structural disorder, enhances anion polarizability, and yields dynamically disordered Li+ environments conducive to rapid ion migration. Compared to the semi-crystalline Li2ZrSCl4 and fully brominated Li2ZrSBr4 end members, Li2ZrSCl1.3Br2.7 achieves an optimal structural disorder and Li+ ion mobility, resulting in enhanced ionic conductivity. When used as a catholyte in an ASSB with TiS2 as the cathode active material, Li2ZrSCl1.3Br2.7 exhibits good rate capability and stable long-term cycling performance. This work highlights the viability of Li2ZrSCl4-xBrx as a high-performance and inexpensive solid electrolyte, combining fast Li+-ion transport, electrochemical stability, and scalable synthesis, making it a promising candidate for commercial ASSBs.

Preclinical models of osteoarthritis (OA) can provide insights into joint-level remodeling and pain-related behaviors, but effects beyond the joint are poorly understood. The current study investigates joint remodeling and brain remodeling using aged rats in a surgical rodent model of post-traumatic OA. Male and female Fischer 344 rats (68 weeks old) received either a skin incision (n=6 male and n=10 female) or medial collateral ligament transection plus medial meniscus transection (MCLT+MMT) surgery (n=5 male and n=11 female). Tactile sensitivity was assessed pre-surgery and 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-weeks post-surgery. Neuroimaging was performed pre-surgery and 6- and 14-weeks post-surgery, with analyses focused on gray matter volume, blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, and functional connectivity. Following euthanasia, histological analysis was performed to assess joint changes. Histology confirmed advanced cartilage loss and bone damage in animals with MCLT+MMT animals relative to skin-incision sham; however, tactile sensitivity decreased over time for both surgery groups. From the neuroimaging data, differences between the MCLT+MMT and skin-incision groups were present for both males and females at week 6 and week 14. Differences include gray matter volume, BOLD signal, and functional connectivity in regions responsible for pain transmission and modulation (thalamus, somatosensory cortex, and periaqueductal gray), along with the emotional and affective aspects of pain (striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala). Despite a lack of differences in tactile sensitivity between groups, these findings in the central circuits involved in sensory and nociceptive processing indicate an association with knee OA development and brain remodeling. Perspective: This work is the first to examine brain remodeling in the acute and chronic stages of osteoarthritis pain using the medial meniscus transection model in aged animals. Results demonstrate evidence of brain remodeling in a preclinical model of osteoarthritis and help elucidate osteoarthritis effects beyond the joint.

We report a study of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in high-quality single crystals of ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2. The Fermi surfaces resolved in our experiments are three-dimensional and reflect an underlying trigonal crystallographic symmetry. Combined with density functional calculations, we identify that multiple Fermi surfaces in the system-of both electron and hole nature-arise from the energy dispersion of the (spin-orbit gapped) mirror-protected nodal rings. We observe an evolution of the Fermi surfaces with in-plane magnetic fields, in contrast to field perpendicular to the kagome lattice planes, which has little effect. Viewed alongside the easy-axis anisotropy of the system, our observation reveals an evolution of the electronic structure of Co3Sn2S2-including the Weyl points-with the ferromagnetic moment orientation. Through the case study of Co3Sn2S2, our results provide concrete experimental evidence of an anisotropic interplay via spin-orbit coupling between the magnetic degrees of freedom and electronic band singularities, which has long been expected in semimetallic and metallic magnetic systems.