分析了我国城市洪涝灾害防治在排水基础设施建设、管理体系建设、监测预警和信息化建设、海绵城市建设、基础研究等方面存在的主要问题,并在此基础上研究提出了我国城市洪涝灾害防治的措施建议。我国城市洪涝灾害防治应着力提高排水系统的建设和运维水平,统筹利用地表地下蓄水空间,强调工程措施与非工程措施的综合利用,加强监测与预警预报体系建设,多部门协同推进,确保发挥系统治理效益。

Solar radiation, as the primary energy source of the Earth, influences the climate conditions and changes of our planet. Whether solar dimming or brightening would occur in the future under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming background was an important question. In this study, climate data under four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios were used to calculate and analyse temporal and spatial changes of solar radiation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin for the future period 2020-2099. Results showed that surface solar radiation would increase under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, while it would decrease under RCP6.0 and RCP8.5. Especially, dramatic solar dimming would occur in all years in the future under RCP8.5, which indicated that the fluctuations of the amount of solar energy in the future were related to the emission scenarios. Spatially, under global warming 1.5 °C, solar brightening would occur mainly in the central regions and become weaker with the higher emission scenarios. However, under global warming 2 °C, solar dimming would occur mainly in the upper Jinsha River Basin and the lower reaches of the Jialing River Basin and become stronger with the higher emission scenarios. Relative to the other three RCP, obvious and dramatic solar dimming would occur under RCP8.5 in the total area. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Variations of solar radiation is related to energy planning and architectural designing. It is important to estimate solar radiation from other climate factors because of the limited measurement solar radiation data. In this study, temporospatial changes of solar radiation and sunshine hour are analysed for global dimming/brightening periods based on meteorological data in China. Results show that the trends of solar radiation and sunshine hour are both decreasing dramatically for 1961-1990 (the global dimming period) but levelling off for 1991-2010 (the global brightening period), which indicates that sunshine hour can be used the reliable indicator of solar radiation. Spatially, the change trends of solar radiation are consistent with sunshine hour in 36 stations during the period of 1961-1990, but they are consistent in just 27 stations during the period of 1991-2010. To assess the impact of changing solar radiation on Angstrom-Prescott parameters (a and b) in the equation of solar radiation estimation from sunshine hour, geographically weighted regression is developed to calculate a and b. There is not dramatic difference in the spatial patterns of a and b for the period of 1961-2010 and 1961-1990. However, there is significantly inconsistent changes in a and b during the global brightening period compared with the global dimming period, which suggests that global dimming/brightening has important impact on estimating solar radiation from sunshine hour, with dramatic variability among different regions. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

The ESMD method was good at finding the optimal adaptive global mean fitting curve, which was superior to the common least-square method and running-mean approach. It was the new development of the well-known Hilbert-Huang transform and could be used effectively in the science researches and engineering applications associated with data analysis from atmospheric and oceanic sciences, informatics and so on. Take the runoff process of West Liaohe River as an example, the test on the observational data indicated that this approach was very feasible. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Surface solar radiation, as a major component of energy balance, is an important driving condition for nutrient and energy cycle in the Earth system. The spatial distribution of total solar radiation at 10 km×10 km resolution in China was simulated with Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data from remote sensing and observing sunshine hours data from ground meteorological stations based on Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that the solar radiation was significantly different in the country, and affected by both sunshine hours and AOD. Sunshine hours are higher in the Northwest than that in the Northeast, but solar radiation is lower because of the higher AOD, especially in autumn and winter. It was suggested that the calculation accuracy of solar radiation was limited if just based on sunshine hours, and AOD can be considered as the influencing factor which would help to improve the simulation accuracy of the total solar radiation and realize the solar radiation distributed simulation. © 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

The relationships between the river discharge and the precipitation in the Jinsha River basin are discussed in this study. In addition, the future precipitation trend from 2011-2050 and its potential influence on the river discharge are analysed by applying the CCLM-modelled precipitation. According to the observed river discharge and precipitation, the annual river discharge at the two main hydrological stations displays good correlations with the annual precipitation in the Jinsha River basin. The predicted future precipitation tends to change similarly as the change that occurred during the observation period, whereas the monthly distributions over a year could be more uneven, which is unfavourable for water resources management. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.