项目来源

美国卫生和人类服务部基金(HHS)

项目主持人

LEENDERS, MIRIAM

项目受资助机构

STANFORD UNIVERSITY

立项年度

2019

立项时间

未公开

项目编号

5R01NS028471-29

项目级别

国家级

研究期限

未知 / 未知

受资助金额

544920.00美元

学科

NEUROSCIENCES

学科代码

未公开

基金类别

Non-SBIR/STTR RPGs

关键词

未公开

参与者

KOBILKA, BRIAN K.

参与机构

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE

项目标书摘要：Project Summary G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters and therefore the largest group of targets for new therapeutics for a very broad spectrum of diseases including neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic disorders, cancer and AIDS. While initially thought to signal exclusively though G proteins and function as two-state switches activated by hormones and neurotransmitters, research over the past 30 years has revealed that most GPCRs have complex and diverse signaling behaviors. A single GPCR can activate more than one G protein subtype as well as G protein independent signaling pathways such as arrestins. Many GPCRs exhibit basal, agonist independent activity. When considering one of the several possible downstream signaling pathways, a drug acting at the orthosteric binding pocket may exhibit one of four efficacy profiles. It may behave as an inverse agonist, suppressing basal activity, a full agonist, maximally activating the pathway, a partial agonist, promoting submaximal activity even at saturating concentrations, or a neutral antagonist, having no effect on basal signaling, but blocking the binding of other orthosteric ligands. The efficacy profile of a given ligand may differ for different signaling pathways such that a drug may behave as an agonist for a specific G protein subtype or arrestin while have no effect or inhibiting other signaling pathways. This pathway selective (or biased) signaling has become an important consideration for drug discovery, since one signaling pathway may produce therapeutic effects while another may lead to adverse effects. During the previous funding period we have applied crystallography and several biophysical methods to characterize the structure and dynamic character of the ?2 adrenergic receptor (?2AR). These studies provide evidence that the ?2AR is highly dynamic and conformationally complex. We hypothesize that this complexity is essential for their functional versatility, and believe that a more detailed understanding of this complex conformational landscape will provide mechanistic insights into targeted activation of a specific pathway with biased ligands. The goal of this proposal will be to understand the structural basis for GPCR signaling through multiple pathways using methods that will provide high-resolution structural constraints and characterize protein dynamics under more physiologic conditions.