项目来源

俄罗斯科学基金(RSF)

项目主持人

Zotov Alexey

项目受资助机构

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education"Ufa State Petroleum Technological University"

项目编号

25-29-00314

立项年度

2025

立项时间

未公开

研究期限

未知 / 未知

项目级别

国家级

受资助金额

未知

学科

ENGINEERING SCIENCES-Durability,viability,and disintegration of materials and structures

学科代码

09-09-101

基金类别

未公开

Математическая модель ; квазинулевая жесткость ; катапульта ; арбалет ; аэрофинишер ; упругий шарнир ; пружина ; пневмопружина ; беспилотник ; Mathematical model ; quasi-zero stiffness ; catapult ; crossbow ; aerofinisher ; elastic hinge ; spring ; air spring ; drone

参与者

未公开

参与机构

未公开

项目标书摘要：nnotation:Within the framework of this project,mathematical models of elastic systems with given characteristics,in particular,almost rectangular in shape,will be developed,which will allow storing maximum energy with a known maximum tension force.These systems can be used as catapults for aircraft-type unmanned vehicles,crossbows and arresting devices.The use of unmanned aerial vehicles has become widespread.Currently,the power characteristics of catapults(and crossbows)are far from ideal,from the point of view of storing maximum energy with a known maximum tension force.The catapult proposed in the project,compared,for example,with a rubber catapult,will allow storing more than twice as much energy at the same maximum tension force,which will either reduce the acceleration length of the aircraft or increase its mass.Taking into account the importance of the use of drones,as mentioned by the President of the Russian Federation,work towards creating a catapult that allows storing many times more energy with the same maximum tension force compared to most existing catapults of unmanned aerial vehicles can be considered breakthrough.For the first time,a mathematical model of a catapult will be developed that allows storing maximum energy at a given maximum tension force.In the proposed catapult,metal springs and pneumatic springs are used as elastic elements,the durability of which significantly exceeds the durability of,for example,rubber elastic elements.It is possible to use this system as a crossbow with all the advantages listed above.Elastic hinges connect the fixed base of a catapult or crossbow with rigid shoulders,which significantly reduces the cost of such systems.It is interesting to use the proposed systems with specified characteristics as an aero arresting device.Currently,the design of the aero arrester is quite complex and consists of an 18-fold chain hoist.An aerofinisher based on the proposed device can be significantly simpler,cheaper and more reliable.In this case,the characteristics of the aero arrester will be such that the overload will noticeably decrease.The overload experienced by an aircraft pilot when landing on an aircraft carrier should not exceed 4.5g.There have been numerous cases of arrestor cable breaking during aircraft landing.With an almost constant braking force(trapezoidal dependence),which is proposed in this project,the overload will be noticeably reduced(to 2.5g-3g).This reduction in overload will have a beneficial effect on the health of pilots.There are known cases when,at overloads of slightly more than 4g,the retina of the pilot’s eye was detached.The operating principle of the proposed systems is based on the fact that an elastic element(spring or pneumatic spring)moves between the guides of the calculated form.The project will consider two options for obtaining such systems with given quasi-permanent characteristics.Catapults and crossbows will be developed on the basis of elastic hinges with the necessary characteristics.The hinge is an elastic element that moves between the guides of the design form.The characteristic of the elastic hinge is such that the general characteristics of the catapult or crossbow are given,with an almost constant restoring force.To obtain the shape of the hinge guides,the quasi-constant characteristic of the entire catapult or crossbow is first determined analytically.After this,the characteristic of the hinge is determined-the dependence of the restoring moment on the angle of rotation.Knowing this dependence analytically when the roller radius is zero,the shape of the hinge guides is determined.After this,an equidistant surface is constructed,taking into account the radius of the roller in contact with the guides.A feature of elastic hinges is that the reactions between the guides and the rollers of the elastic element can reach large values.As part of the project,elastic hinge materials will be selected.A mathematical model of an arresting device will be developed based on linear guides,between which an elastic element(spring or pneumatic spring)moves perpendicular to their axis of symmetry.The shape of the guides is such that the overall characteristics of the system will be given,close to a rectangle,which will allow storing maximum energy with a known tension force.In the case of the aero arrester option,when the elastic element is a spring,designs are possible in which it is stretched or compressed.Designs in which the spring stretches are preferable,since when the spring is compressed it may lose stability.In the case where a pneumatic spring is used as an elastic element,designs are possible in which it only compresses.A mathematical model of an air spring with symmetrical pistons will be developed.In the case when an air spring is used as an elastic element of the proposed systems(catapult,crossbow,aerofinisher),it becomes possible to change the characteristics of the entire system by changing the pressure in the air spring.This task will be addressed during the implementation of this grant.The solution to this problem will make it possible to launch aircraft of different masses without changing the design of the catapult.In the case of an aero arresting device,a rapid change in its characteristics by means of a calculated change in the pressure in the air spring will allow the aircraft carrier to accept aircraft of different weights.The influence of friction arising in the air spring on the characteristics of the entire system will be investigated.The influence of the precision of guide manufacturing on the characteristics of the entire system will be considered,since seemingly almost identical guides,differing by fractions of millimeters,can have completely different characteristics.By the end of the second year of the grant,prototypes of the proposed systems(catapult,crossbow and aerofinisher)based on elastic hinges with a given characteristic and systems with linear guides will be developed.Experiments will be conducted to determine the influence of the prototype parameters on its characteristics.If the research results are successful,by the end of the second year the possibility of using the proposed systems with a given characteristic for various purposes will be considered.The use of elastic hinges can be used to create gravity compensators.The authors have already made such attempts.Linear guides can be used for seismic protection.Expected results:The project intends to develop mathematical models of elastic systems with given,in this case,almost rectangular characteristics(dependence of the restoring force on the linear displacement of the system)based on an elastic element(spring or pneumatic spring)moving between the guides of the design form.Conceptual diagrams of a catapult for unmanned aerial vehicles based on elastic hinges with the necessary characteristics will be developed.The proposed elastic hinge is a system in which a spring or air spring moves between circular guides of a calculated shape.A mathematical model of an air spring with symmetrical pistons will be developed.Elastic hinges connect the fixed guides with rigid shoulders.In the case of an air spring,it becomes possible to change the characteristics(with a quasi-constant restoring force)of the entire catapult to the corresponding weight of the UAV by changing the pressure in the air spring.This problem has not yet been completely solved.To obtain the shape of the hinge guides,the quasi-constant characteristic of the entire catapult is first analytically determined.Knowing this dependence when the roller radius is zero,the shape of the hinge guides is determined.After this,an equidistant surface is constructed,taking into account the radius of the roller in contact with the guides.The materials of the elastic hinge will be selected.The possibility of using the systems under study to create crossbows will be considered.For comparison with the proposed crossbow of a fundamentally new operating principle,the characteristics of the most modern existing crossbows will be considered.A significant increase in the stored energy of the crossbow is assumed at a given maximum draw force.The influence of the manufacturing accuracy of circular guides on the characteristics of the entire catapult or crossbow will be considered,since seemingly almost identical guides,differing by fractions of millimeters,can have completely different characteristics.A theory of braking of an aircraft when landing on an aircraft carrier will be obtained,when a system with linear guides will be considered as an arresting arrester.Based on this system,it is possible to obtain simpler,more reliable and effective arresting devices.The overload when using the proposed system,which has a quasi-constant force characteristic,will be significantly reduced,from approximately 4.5g to 2.5g-3g.Theoretically,prototypes of the proposed systems(catapult,crossbow and aerofinisher)will be developed based on elastic hinges with a given characteristic and systems with linear guides.The issue of obtaining an elastic element with the necessary parameters will be studied in detail.A mathematical model of an air spring with symmetrical pistons will be developed.The influence of friction arising in the air spring on the characteristics of the entire system will be investigated.A prototype of an elastic joint with a given characteristic will be created.Experiments will be conducted to determine the influence of the demonstrator parameters on its characteristics.If the research results are successful,by the end of the second year there will be an attempt to develop mathematical models of gravity compensators and seismic protection systems.

Application Abstract: Annotation:Within the framework of this project,mathematical models of elastic systems with given characteristics,in particular,almost rectangular in shape,will be developed,which will allow storing maximum energy with a known maximum tension force.These systems can be used as catapults for aircraft-type unmanned vehicles,crossbows and arresting devices.The use of unmanned aerial vehicles has become widespread.Currently,the power characteristics of catapults(and crossbows)are far from ideal,from the point of view of storing maximum energy with a known maximum tension force.The catapult proposed in the project,compared,for example,with a rubber catapult,will allow storing more than twice as much energy at the same maximum tension force,which will either reduce the acceleration length of the aircraft or increase its mass.Taking into account the importance of the use of drones,as mentioned by the President of the Russian Federation,work towards creating a catapult that allows storing many times more energy with the same maximum tension force compared to most existing catapults of unmanned aerial vehicles can be considered breakthrough.For the first time,a mathematical model of a catapult will be developed that allows storing maximum energy at a given maximum tension force.In the proposed catapult,metal springs and pneumatic springs are used as elastic elements,the durability of which significantly exceeds the durability of,for example,rubber elastic elements.It is possible to use this system as a crossbow with all the advantages listed above.Elastic hinges connect the fixed base of a catapult or crossbow with rigid shoulders,which significantly reduces the cost of such systems.It is interesting to use the proposed systems with specified characteristics as an aero arresting device.Currently,the design of the aero arrester is quite complex and consists of an 18-fold chain hoist.An aerofinisher based on the proposed device can be significantly simpler,cheaper and more reliable.In this case,the characteristics of the aero arrester will be such that the overload will noticeably decrease.The overload experienced by an aircraft pilot when landing on an aircraft carrier should not exceed 4.5g.There have been numerous cases of arrestor cable breaking during aircraft landing.With an almost constant braking force(trapezoidal dependence),which is proposed in this project,the overload will be noticeably reduced(to 2.5g-3g).This reduction in overload will have a beneficial effect on the health of pilots.There are known cases when,at overloads of slightly more than 4g,the retina of the pilot’s eye was detached.The operating principle of the proposed systems is based on the fact that an elastic element(spring or pneumatic spring)moves between the guides of the calculated form.The project will consider two options for obtaining such systems with given quasi-permanent characteristics.Catapults and crossbows will be developed on the basis of elastic hinges with the necessary characteristics.The hinge is an elastic element that moves between the guides of the design form.The characteristic of the elastic hinge is such that the general characteristics of the catapult or crossbow are given,with an almost constant restoring force.To obtain the shape of the hinge guides,the quasi-constant characteristic of the entire catapult or crossbow is first determined analytically.After this,the characteristic of the hinge is determined-the dependence of the restoring moment on the angle of rotation.Knowing this dependence analytically when the roller radius is zero,the shape of the hinge guides is determined.After this,an equidistant surface is constructed,taking into account the radius of the roller in contact with the guides.A feature of elastic hinges is that the reactions between the guides and the rollers of the elastic element can reach large values.As part of the project,elastic hinge materials will be selected.A mathematical model of an arresting device will be developed based on linear guides,between which an elastic element(spring or pneumatic spring)moves perpendicular to their axis of symmetry.The shape of the guides is such that the overall characteristics of the system will be given,close to a rectangle,which will allow storing maximum energy with a known tension force.In the case of the aero arrester option,when the elastic element is a spring,designs are possible in which it is stretched or compressed.Designs in which the spring stretches are preferable,since when the spring is compressed it may lose stability.In the case where a pneumatic spring is used as an elastic element,designs are possible in which it only compresses.A mathematical model of an air spring with symmetrical pistons will be developed.In the case when an air spring is used as an elastic element of the proposed systems(catapult,crossbow,aerofinisher),it becomes possible to change the characteristics of the entire system by changing the pressure in the air spring.This task will be addressed during the implementation of this grant.The solution to this problem will make it possible to launch aircraft of different masses without changing the design of the catapult.In the case of an aero arresting device,a rapid change in its characteristics by means of a calculated change in the pressure in the air spring will allow the aircraft carrier to accept aircraft of different weights.The influence of friction arising in the air spring on the characteristics of the entire system will be investigated.The influence of the precision of guide manufacturing on the characteristics of the entire system will be considered,since seemingly almost identical guides,differing by fractions of millimeters,can have completely different characteristics.By the end of the second year of the grant,prototypes of the proposed systems(catapult,crossbow and aerofinisher)based on elastic hinges with a given characteristic and systems with linear guides will be developed.Experiments will be conducted to determine the influence of the prototype parameters on its characteristics.If the research results are successful,by the end of the second year the possibility of using the proposed systems with a given characteristic for various purposes will be considered.The use of elastic hinges can be used to create gravity compensators.The authors have already made such attempts.Linear guides can be used for seismic protection.Expected results:The project intends to develop mathematical models of elastic systems with given,in this case,almost rectangular characteristics(dependence of the restoring force on the linear displacement of the system)based on an elastic element(spring or pneumatic spring)moving between the guides of the design form.Conceptual diagrams of a catapult for unmanned aerial vehicles based on elastic hinges with the necessary characteristics will be developed.The proposed elastic hinge is a system in which a spring or air spring moves between circular guides of a calculated shape.A mathematical model of an air spring with symmetrical pistons will be developed.Elastic hinges connect the fixed guides with rigid shoulders.In the case of an air spring,it becomes possible to change the characteristics(with a quasi-constant restoring force)of the entire catapult to the corresponding weight of the UAV by changing the pressure in the air spring.This problem has not yet been completely solved.To obtain the shape of the hinge guides,the quasi-constant characteristic of the entire catapult is first analytically determined.Knowing this dependence when the roller radius is zero,the shape of the hinge guides is determined.After this,an equidistant surface is constructed,taking into account the radius of the roller in contact with the guides.The materials of the elastic hinge will be selected.The possibility of using the systems under study to create crossbows will be considered.For comparison with the proposed crossbow of a fundamentally new operating principle,the characteristics of the most modern existing crossbows will be considered.A significant increase in the stored energy of the crossbow is assumed at a given maximum draw force.The influence of the manufacturing accuracy of circular guides on the characteristics of the entire catapult or crossbow will be considered,since seemingly almost identical guides,differing by fractions of millimeters,can have completely different characteristics.A theory of braking of an aircraft when landing on an aircraft carrier will be obtained,when a system with linear guides will be considered as an arresting arrester.Based on this system,it is possible to obtain simpler,more reliable and effective arresting devices.The overload when using the proposed system,which has a quasi-constant force characteristic,will be significantly reduced,from approximately 4.5g to 2.5g-3g.Theoretically,prototypes of the proposed systems(catapult,crossbow and aerofinisher)will be developed based on elastic hinges with a given characteristic and systems with linear guides.The issue of obtaining an elastic element with the necessary parameters will be studied in detail.A mathematical model of an air spring with symmetrical pistons will be developed.The influence of friction arising in the air spring on the characteristics of the entire system will be investigated.A prototype of an elastic joint with a given characteristic will be created.Experiments will be conducted to determine the influence of the demonstrator parameters on its characteristics.If the research results are successful,by the end of the second year there will be an attempt to develop mathematical models of gravity compensators and seismic protection systems.