本课题系统分析了西南高山亚高山区一般地区、多年冻土区、强降雨地质复杂区及高地震烈度区的主要生态制约因子对工程创面生态系统重建的影响，分析了各区工程创面生态系统重建对生态修复关键材料的要求，主要针对以下六部分内容开展了研发工作:(1)针对西南高山亚高山一般山区，重点研究了工程创面材料抗剪加固机理，研发形成了工程创面生态修复材料加筋技术和生态防护网片固持技术;(2)针对西南高山亚高山多年冻土区，重点研究冻融环境材料强度损失机理，研发形成了生态修复用抗冻性强化材料和材料抗冻强度耐久性改良技术;(3)针对西南高山亚高山强降雨地质复杂区，重点研究了工程创面坡面侵蚀机理与侵蚀效应评价;(4)在阐明工程创面坡面侵蚀机理的基础上，进行了水泥基防冲刷基材、透气吸水覆盖材料的研发，形成工程创面生态修复防冲刷技术;(5)针对西南高山亚高山高地震烈度区，重点研究振动下生态修复材料强度损失及机理，研发形成了植生基材柔性纤维加筋技术、生态防护网片优化技术。(6)基于上述研究成果，集成了西南高山亚高山区工程创面生态修复关键材料制备及优化技术并开展了示范工程。This project systematically illustrated the influence of the dominant factors of ecological restriction on the eco-system reconstruction of the excavated slope surfaces in the general areas,permafrost areas,geologically complex areas with heavy rainfall and high seismic intensity areas in the alpine and subalpine region of southwestern China,and analyzed their requirements of key materials for ecological restoration of such slope surface eco-system reconstruction in these areas.Six aspects of research and development had been further conducted:(1)In the general mountain areas in the alpine and subalpine region of southwestern China,the shear reinforcement mechanism of materials for excavated slope surfaces was mainly investigated,which therefore was utilized to develop the reinforcement technique of ecological restoration materials and the mesh fixation technique of ecological protection;(2)In the permafrost areas,the strength loss mechanism of materials in freezing-thawing environment was mainly studied,so that the frost resistance strengthening materials for ecological restoration and the improvement technique of frost resistance strength and durability of materials;(3)In the geologically complex areas with heavy rainfall,the erosion mechanism and erosion effect of excavated slope surfaces were analyzed and evaluated;(4)On the basis of erosion mechanism clarified,cement-based anti-scouring substrate and breathable and water-absorbent covering materials had been developed and integrated to form the anti-scouring technique for ecological restoration of excavated slope surfaces;(5)In the high seismic intensity areas,the strength loss and mechanism of ecological restoration materials under vibration were studied,and the reinforcement technique of substrate with flexible fiber and the optimization technique of eco-protection mesh were developed;(6)These research results listed above were integrated to yield the preparation of key materials and optimization technique for ecological restoration of excavated slope surfaces in the alpine and subalpine regions,and the corresponding pilot practical projects had been implemented as well.

西南高山亚高山区生态环境恶劣，人为干扰严重，是我国生态治理的重点区域之一。为了加快植被生态恢复的进程，开展拟自然人工促进植被构建技术研究尤为重要，以满足西南高山亚高山区工程创面植被构建的需要。本课题以典型西南地区的工程创面为研究对象，根据群落演替理论和生态位理论，模拟西南山区自然边坡植物群落结构及其形成过程，通过乡土植物选配和植被空间结构优化配置重构种子库，形成西南高山亚高山区工程创面拟自然人工促进植被构建技术体系。本课题的科研成果阐明了多种乡土植物在工程创面适应性生长的机制，揭示了工程创面稳定性与植被固土护坡的关联效应，研发了客土喷播蕨类植物孢子与其他植物种子护坡技术、抗蚀护坡功能性团粒喷播植被构建技术，构建了拟自然人工促进植被技术体系，为全面提升西南高山亚高山区工程创面退化生态系统恢复重建水平提供了有力关键技术支撑，建立生态系统恢复重建技术示范区累计54.14万m2。The ecological system at the alpine and subalpine region in Southwest China has been undergoing a serious deterioration in the past years due to severe human disturbance.This region therefore is listed as one of the key areas of ecological restoration and governance in China.In order to speed up the revegetation process,it is particularly important to carry out research on pseudo-natural restoration technology via artificially-promoting vegetation at engineering wounds in the alpine and subalpine areas of Southwest China.Taking typical engineering wounds as study objects,this project aimed at establishing an innovative revegetation technology by simulating the natural slope plant community structure and succession processes in southwest mountainous areas,in accordance with the theory regarding the botanic community succession as well as ecological niche.Meanwhile,a seed bank of indigenous plants was setup through the selection of native plants and the allocation of vegetation spatial structure was optimized as well.The outcomes derived from this project clarified the mechanism of adaptive growth of several native plants at engineering wounds.In addition,the correlation between slope stability and vegetation was revealed in terms of soil consolidation and slope protection.Such pseudo-natural revegetation technologies as fern-spores spraying together with other plant seeds and the anti-erosion growth media for slope protection have been well developed.These outcomes provided strong technical supports for restoring and reconstructing the degraded ecosystem in southwest alpine and subalpine areas.Several demonstration sites has been established,with a total area of 541400 m2.

在对西南高山亚高山区长时间序列下的气象、边坡灾害统计分析的基础上，开展了3300km的现场考察，其中对边坡工程创面修复后的灾害、病害工点进行了勘察与试验，对不同致灾因子(强降雨、地震、高寒)作用下的无防护、生态防护、生态+工程防护三大类工程边坡的致灾机理以及对边坡工程创面的影响进行了归纳总结。对于复杂降雨模式引起的边坡破坏，研发了可编程的新型降雨模拟装置，研究了雨水冲刷影响因子及因子之间的相互作用，确定了影响因子排序，并基于目前边坡防护结构的产流特点，开发了环境友好型耐冲刷结构，验证了其坡面排水能力和防护耐久能力。对于冻融作用下的创面失稳，研发了开放补水型冻土切坡模型试验系统。为了研究冻融过程中的孔隙水迁移机理和土体损伤机理，研发了具备自适应调节功能的神经网络固态控温系统、超声波诱导成核系统和线阵CCD扫描成像系统，构建了新型冻融可视化试验装置和冻融临界状态试验装置，对冻融过程中土体内温度变化、水分补给、冻胀融沉变化、含水量变化进行实时监测。研制了一套可编程控制的单轴直接拉伸试验装置，并开展了根—土复合体的直接拉伸试验，揭示了不同根系含量下根—土复合体的抗拉强度变化规律以及拉裂破坏机制。研发了两种融合植物根系动态抗剪切力的耐震型支护结构，并提出了相应的设计施工方法。分析了植物根系动态抗剪切力对边坡系统耐震动性的贡献，在此基础上评价了该支护结构的地震稳定性。Based on the statistical analysis of meteorological and slope disasters in the long-term sequence of alpine and sub-high mountainous areas in Southwest China,a 3300km site survey was carried out,including surveys and tests on disasters and disease sites after the repair of the slope engineering wound.The disaster mechanism of three types of engineering slopes,namely,unprotected,ecological protection,and ecological+engineering protection under the action of different hazard factors(strong rainfall,earthquake,and alpine permafrost),and the impact on the slope engineering wound surface are summarized.For slope damage caused by complex rainfall patterns,a new programmable rainfall simulation device was developed to study the influence factors of rain erosion and the interaction between the factors,and the runoff generation based on the current slope protection structure Features,developed an environment-friendly scour-resistant structure,and verified its slope drainage capacity and protection durability.For wound instability caused by freezing and thawing,an open water-replenishing frozen soil cutting slope model test system has been developed.In order to study the mechanism of pore water migration and soil damage during the freezing and thawing process,a neural network solid-state temperature control system with adaptive adjustment function,an ultrasonic induced nucleation system and a linear CCD scanning imaging system were developed to construct a new type of freezing and thawing Visual test device and freeze-thaw critical state test device,real-time monitoring of changes in soil temperature,water replenishment,changes in frost heave and thawing settlement,and changes in water content during the freezing and thawing process.A set of programmable controllable uniaxial direct tensile test device was developed,and direct tensile test of the root-soil complex was carried out,revealing the change rule of the tensile strength and the tensile cracking of the root-soil complex with different root content.Destruction mechanism.Two earthquake-resistant supporting structures that integrate the dynamic shear resistance of plant roots have been developed,and corresponding design and construction methods have been proposed.The contribution of the dynamic shear resistance of plant roots to the vibration resistance of the slope system was analyzed,and the seismic stability of the supporting structure was evaluated on this basis.